Quiz #1 - Topic 1&2 Flashcards
1
Q
What do sociologists do?
A
- Interrogate social patterns
- Challenge social patterns often immbeded in stereotypes (social issues arrise)
- A social issue is anything that requires societies attention for change which is almost everything in an evolving world
- Strong connections to anthropology, econ, history, phyc, polisci, and EVERYTHING
2
Q
Aspects of Social Patterns
A
- Social location = sex, age, class, ethnicity, race, religion, sexual orientation
- Social variables = race, ethnicity, ability, etc
- Social institutions = education, religion
- Social interactions
3
Q
C. Wright Mills
A
- places society over the individual
- Aids our understanding of individuals based on their social circumstance
- Connects personal and political
- Concept of sympathy brought up as to why individuals behave in the manner that they do
4
Q
Ibn Kaldun (Father of Sociology)
A
- Develpoed a systemic approach to studying sociology
- Deemed that as societies become more affluent they become more soft and senile leading to their demise.
5
Q
Early Sociology in Europe
A
- introduced in 19th century
- All as a responce to industrialization, french/american revolution, urbanization, and demographic surge (pop increase)
- Most sociological challenges are brought up in times of emmense change
6
Q
Max Webber
A
- explored how the values in protestantism led to early capitalism
- No sociological evidence that capitalism developed in protestant countries all display the same work ethic
7
Q
Early Sociology in North America
A
- in late 19th to early 20th century
- Sought to understand how their rapid social change was linked to European immigration
- U of Chicago Sociology dep. founded 1892
8
Q
Early Sociology in Canada and John Porter
A
- McGill program in 1922
- John Porter examined relationship between social class and ethnicity. Coined term verticle mosaic to describe hieracal seperation of race, ethnicity, religion pertaining to systemic discrimination
- In canada Anglo-Saxon Protestants were the top, followed by French Canadians, with marginalized groups on the bottom
9
Q
Branches of Sociology
A
- Structural Functionalism
- Conflict Theory
- Symbolic Interaction
- feminist theory
- Postmodern Theory
10
Q
Structural Functionalism
A
- Structures act as our school systems, religions, etc
- This looks at how structures function within our society. What is their role?
- In this theory conflict is viewed as counterproductive
- Summatively it explains social forms by their contribution to social cohesion
11
Q
Durkheim (Structural Functionalism)
A
- Coined the term social facts to define the patterned way of thinking as a result of our institution or the ways that individuals think outside of themselves and as the society they’re part of.
12
Q
Merton’s Manifest (Structural Functionalism)
A
- Latent Functions: unintended and unrecognized results to the introduction of something into society
- Latent Dysfunctions: unintended and harmful consequences
ie/ gun was introduced into Chinese culture for celebration purposes but can now be used violently - Manifest functions are intended and recognized
13
Q
Conflict Theory
A
- Based on 4 c’s
1) conflict - exists in all societies
2) Class - there are always class divisions
3) Contestation - why are people treated differently? who decides resource allocation?
4) Change - will occur or should occur. protesting what already is causes necessary social change - There is major class divisions that manifest primarily in the means of goods production
14
Q
Karl Marx - Conflict theory
A
- premise is hierachal descrepencies
- Capitalism is the reason for conflict theory. Higher class always wants more while the lower class can always be exploited because of their own needs
- You can never be paid for your exact contribution as profits are always needed
15
Q
Symbolic Interaction
A
- Every individual’s role is important and interconnected
- Microsocialism
16
Q
Goffman (symbolic interactionism)
A
- the total institution (prisions, boarding schools, concentration camps) seek to control and manipulate residents by spreading one way of thinking, believing, etc
- Every interaction molds people. ie if you’re continuosly bullied you will quiestion your identity
17
Q
George Herbert Mead (symbolic interaction)
A
- Society has a way of accepting things as true because it is just that way
- Coined the term sociology
- individuals maintain social systems by ineracting and deciding that things are the way they are
18
Q
Feminist Theory
A
- Ties into conflict theory
- challenges the systemic and wrong treatment of women
- there were three main waves
1. Political rights - ability to vote
2. Public/Private rights - ability to work outside of the home
3. Inclusion of LGBTI individuals and racialized individuals - Today the focus is on violence towards women especially in regaurds to assault
19
Q
Dorthy Smith (feminist theory)
A
- standpoint theory - if you haven’t experienced the exact issue then you have no idea what it is like. Men can’t grasp the full extent of feminist issues
Every experience is subjective
20
Q
Postmodern Theory
A
- Made possible through globalization, advancement of tech
- Ppl have different strong voices - you can choose what you listen to what you believe etc
- NOt about becoming civilized it’s about people’s identity an choosing what they want to be
