quiz #1 respiratory pathologies Flashcards
what is sinusitis?
an acute / chronic inflammation of paranasal sinuses
nasal passages open into 4 sinuses…
-frontal
-ethmoid
-sphenoid
-maxillary
what are sinuses?
-air-filled continuations of nasal passages & are line with mucous membranes
-develop mostly after birth & continue to enlarge in adulthood
where do frontal sinuses drain?
into ducts that empty into top of nasal cavity
where do ethmoid sinuses drain?
empty into lateral portions of nasal cavity
where do sphenoid sinuses drain?
into posterior portions of nasal cavity
where do maxillary sinuses drain?
superiorly into nasal cavity
draining maxillary sinuses
-if head is upright, it is impossible for sinus to drain until it is full
-head must be HORIZONTAL to completely drain
sinusitis info
-inflammation & swelling in sinus mucosa
-sinus openings become blocked & mucopurulent discharge is produced which fills affected sinus
chronic sinusitis
occurs as result of persistent / recurrent infection
-mucosal linings thicken & may form into elongated masses = POLYPS
causes of sinusitis
-viral infection: cold virus
-bacterial infection: extraction of upper molars or abscess
-increase in pressure: airplane flight, underwater diving
predisposing factors of sinusitis
-deviation of nasal septum: obstructs sinus outlets
-dairy & wheat products: overproduction of mucus in people who have sensitivities
-upper molar abscess: may spread infection to maxillary sinus
medically treating sinusitis
treated with analgesics & decongestants
-prolonged use of meds can lead to worsening of symptoms (damage tissues & mucosa)
-chronic cases: surgery to add opening to drain sinus
symptom picture - ACUTE sinusitis
-pain, often severe
-tenderness over affected sinus
-feeling of fullness & pressure in affected sinus, difficulty breathing through nose
-can feel ill & have low-grade fever
-nasal discharge changes from clear & runny to yellow/ green & thick
-chronic = dull pain & discharge may stop due to blocked sinus
contraindications - sinusitis
-massage CI’d with fever
-local lymphatic drainage CI’d with acute infection
assessment - sinusitis
-palpation of frontal sinuses done by gently pressing superiorly at medial angle of superior orbital margin
-palpation of maxillary sinuses palpated under zygomatic arch
-tenderness & possible heat present
-lymph nodes in neck may be enlarged
massage duration - sinusitis
half hour duration to avoid exhausting client
focus of treatment - sinusitis
relaxation based including unforced diaphragmatic breathing
pre-treatment hydrotherapy - sinusitis
5 min facial steam to loosen mucus & aid in discharge
plenty of tissues & garbage bin present
massage positioning - sinusitis: PRONE
allows for draining of bilaterally affected maxillary sinuses
massage positioning - sinusitis: SIDE LYING
affected sinus UPPERMOST = best position for drainage of single infected maxillary sinus
massage positioning - sinusitis: SUPINE
may allow other sinuses to drain
what is chronic bronchitis?
condition that results in production of purulent sputum for at least 3 months in a row over two consecutive years
bronchial mucus - two sources
-bronchial glands
-epithelial goblet cells
line bronchial walls
