Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio bases of the brain > quiz 1 part 1 > Flashcards

quiz 1 part 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
The Brain flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is biopsychology?

A

The scientific study of the bio of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the belief that the mind/soul and body are made up of diff kinds of substances and exist independently
mind = body
most scientists don’t believe in this

A

dualism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

one kind of substance, mind and body are the same thing
“none of this is real”
nobody believes this

A

idealistic monism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

everything is material
“everything you know is physical aka real”
most scientists believe this

A

materialistic monism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do we explain how we have a thought and a feeling?

A

it’s not either/or. We don’t have a clear answer lol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

an approach to studying complex systems by studying their component parts

A

reductionism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

a characteristic an entity gains when it becomes part of a bigger system
help living organisms better adapt to their environments and increase their chances of survival.
ex. thoughts and feelings are ___ of the brain

A

emergent properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pros and cons of humans

A

They can follow instructions,
they can report their subjective experiences
Humans are often cheaper.
Cons: they have to volunteer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pros and cons of non humans

A

fewer ethical contraints
brains and behaviors are a lot simpler
cons: they aren’t humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the method used by scientists to study causation, that is, to find out what causes what. As such, it has been almost single-handedly responsible for the knowledge that is the basis for our modern way of life.

A

experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

a different group of subjects is tested under each condition
study population is divided into groups and each group only receives one treatment.

A

between-subjects design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

test the same group of subjects under each condition
the same person tests all the conditions (i.e., all the user interfaces)
has no control group

A

within-subject design

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The variable measured by the experimenter to assess the effect of the independent variable.

A

dependent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the difference between experimental conditions that is arranged by the experimenter.

A

independent variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

there is more than one difference that could affect the dependent variable, it is difficult to determine whether it was the independent variable or the unintended difference

A

confounded variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

studies of groups of subjects who have been exposed to the conditions of interest in the real world
can only tell correlation
potential confounded variables have not been controlled—for example, by the random assignment of subjects to conditions
participants can decide which group to be in (no random assignment)

A

Quasiexperimental studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Studies that focus on a single subject, or very small number of subjects
good for testable hypothesis
con: generalizability

A

case studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

degree to which their results can be applied to other cases.

A

generalizability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The empirical method that biopsychologists and other scientists use to study the unobservable
fundamental method of biopsychology and of most other sciences

A

scientific inference

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

structure
about body parts

A

anatomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

activity
what the body parts are doing

A

physiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what info does CLARITY provide?

A

structure

23
Q

what info does EEG provide?

A

activity

24
Q

what info does cerebral angiography provide?

A

structure

25
Q

what info does PET provide?

A

activity

26
Q

what info does fMRI provide?

A

structure and activity

27
Q

what info does CT provide?

A

structure

28
Q

what info does MRI provide?

A

structure

29
Q

what info does fUS provide?

A

activity

30
Q

what info does diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) provide?

A

structure

31
Q

what info does MEG provide?

A

activity

32
Q

what info does EMG provide?

A

activity

33
Q

what info does SER provide?

A

activity

34
Q

what info does cardiovascular provide?

A

activity and structure

35
Q

what techniques do CLARITY, cerebral angiography, and CT belong to?

A

x-ray techniques

36
Q

what techniques do PET belong to?

A

radioactivity-based techniques

37
Q

what techniques do MRI, DTI, and fMRI belong to?

A

magnetic field-based techniques

38
Q

what techniques do fUS belong to?

A

ultrasound-based techniques

39
Q

involves obtaining functional brain images during several different cognitive tasks
finding the avg brain function
experimental brain - all the other functions of brain = difference image

A

paired-image subtraction technique

40
Q

Why aren’t regular X-rays useful for seeing living brains?

A

it doesn’t tell much info on structure

41
Q

is a technique that can be used to turn off an area of human cortex by creating a magnetic field under a coil positioned next to the skull

A

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

42
Q

a technique that can be used to stimulate (“turn on”) an area of the cortex by applying an electrical current through two elec- trodes placed directly on the scalp.

A

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES

43
Q

a tech- nique that, like tES and TMS, can be used to activate partic- ular brain structures. can also be used to activate subcortical structures.

A

Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (tUS)

44
Q

Why can transcranial stimulation techniques be used to support causal hypotheses, when other methods can’t?

A

can turn on or off diff areas of the cortex

45
Q

The pattern of brain activity that is present when humans sit quietly and let their minds wander.

A

default mode

46
Q

Brain structures typically active in the default mode but less active during cognitive or behavioral tasks

A

default mode network

47
Q

understand how network activ- ity across multiple brain regions is related to a particular cognitive task.

A

concept of functional connectivity.

48
Q

what’s the solution to the mind/body prob?

A

it’s not neither/or, we don’t have a clear answer`

49
Q

difference between experiments and quasiexperiments

A

Experiments can tell us whether an independent variable causes a change in a dependent variable (assuming that the experimenter has controlled for all confounding variables);
quasiexperiments can tell us only that two variables are correlated with one another.

50
Q

the study of the conformation of the skull as indicative of mental faculties and traits of character

A

phrenology

51
Q

lesion considerations

A

structures are close together
every area is part of a network
bilateral and unilateral effects

52
Q

lesions restricted to one half of the brain
Mild behavioral effects than the other
behavioral effects of type of lesions to some brain structures can be difficult to detect.

A

unilateral lesions

53
Q

lesions involving both sides of the brain
Most experimental studies this

A

bilateral lesions

54
Q

everything in the world is made up of one thing

A

monism

bio bases of the brain (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions