Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dysphagia > Quiz 1 - Overview/ Stages of swallowing > Flashcards

Quiz 1 - Overview/ Stages of swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

This is NOT dysphagia

A

Difficulty feeding yourself or anorexia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is dysphagia, in short?

A

A difficulty in swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is swallowing?

A

The act of taking in a substance through the mouth and pharynx, and into the esophagus. It is a combination of voluntary action and reflexive action that once started, cannot be stopped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dysphagia is often related to…

A

a primary diagnosis. Dysphagia is often a symptom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is odynophagia?

A

Pain with swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe dysphagia

A

When it takes more time or effort to move food or liquid from your mouth to your stomach or the inability to swallow at all.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is aspiration?

A

When food or liquid goes down the trachea and into your lungs so you are unable to get it out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When it comes to swallowing disorders, what are some duties of the SLP? (Name at least 4)

A
  1. Performing feeding and swallowing evaluation
  2. Performing instrumental evaluation
  3. Identifying normal and abnormal swallowing function
  4. Identifying potential disorders and referring
  5. Making decisions about management
  6. Developing a treatment plan
  7. Providing treatment
  8. Providing teaching and counseling to patient and families.
  9. Education of other professionals
  10. Being a team member
  11. Advocacy
  12. Ongoing education
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does dysphagia impact a person’s general medical condition?

A
  1. Decline in health
  2. Could get pneumonia
  3. Major cause of comorbidities
  4. Malnutrition and dehydration
  5. Weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does dysphagia impact a person’s psychological well-being?

A

Could cause social isolation, depression, anxiety..

Eating is a social event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does dysphagia impact a person’s financial health?

A

Healthcare is very expensive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is oral dysphagia? What is its code?

A

Difficulty with losing food or liquid from the front of the mouth, difficulty with chewing, difficulty with controlling the food or liquid in the mouth.

R13.11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is pharyngeal dysphagia? What is its code?

A

Coughing, choking, gagging on food or liquids, difficulty with swallowing including pain and feeling of food or liquid sticking.

R13.13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is pharyngoesophageal dysphagia? What is the code?

A

Difficulty with food or liquid traveling through the esophagus

R13.14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many stages of swallowing are there?

A

3 (some say 4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many pairs of muscles are involved in swallowing?

A

25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the stages of swallowing? (4)

A
  1. Oral Preparatory phase
  2. Oral phase
  3. Pharyngeal phase
  4. Esophageal phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the term used for food or liquid that is in the mouth and being swallowed?

A

Bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the technical definition of dysphagia?

A

Any disturbance in the functional elements or coordination in the stages of swallowing is likely to result in less efficient transfer of a bolus from the oral cavity to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Normal swallowing involves….

A

The bolus moving through the oral cavity, oropharynx, and esophagus, dependent on expanding and contracting chambers, opening of muscular sphincters, and positive/negative pressures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the “first chamber”?

A

The oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does oral prep include?

A

Mastication of the bolus, mixing the bolus with saliva, and dividing the bolus for transport through the pharynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is the oral prep phase voluntary or involuntary?

A

It is completely voluntary and can be stopped at any time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Oral pattern is determined by ______ and ______

A

Viscosity ; Amount of the bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the structures of the oral prep phase? (11) (Not specific muscles)

A
  1. Lips
  2. Teeth
  3. Hard Palate
  4. Soft Palate
  5. Uvula
  6. Mandible/ lower jaw
  7. Floor of the mouth
  8. Tongue
  9. Anterior and posterior faucial arches
  10. Palatine tonsils
  11. Cheeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the circular muscle of the lips and what is its purpose for swallowing?

A

Orbicularis Oris

Bolus containment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Can teeth impact nutrition? How?

A

Yes, problems with teeth can affect the types of food you can eat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why are teeth important for swallowing?

A

Mastication of the bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What type of movement is required for mastication?

A

Rotary lateral movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A
  1. Masseter
  2. Temporalis
  3. Lateral Pterygoid
  4. Medial Pterygoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the purpose of the buccinator?

A

Not considered a muscle of mastication but it assists in mastication by keeping the bolus between the teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the 4 roles of saliva?

A
  1. Digestion
  2. Lubrication
  3. Taste
  4. Maintain oral hygiene
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When does the oral preparatory phase end?

A

After chewing and a cohesive bolus is formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Is the Oral Phase voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Summarize the Oral Phase

A

Masticated bolus begins its journey to the oropharynx.

Tongue presses the bolus, segmentally and sequentially backward against the hard palate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

This muscle serves to prevent pressure escape forward or laterally out of the mouth.

A

Orbicularis Oris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Phase when the bolus is propelled from the oral cavity to the pharynx

A

Oral phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the tongue doing/ where is it during the oral phase?

A

The anterior portion of the tongue is pressed against the maxillary alveolar ridge (right behind the upper front teeth) and the anterior part of the hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Explain the lingual movement happening during the oral phase

A

The movement of the tongue continues as a rapid sequence moving the bolus posteriorly onto the dorsum of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

The lingual movement of the tongue is characterized as what kind of movement?

A

“Stripping” action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

More muscle activity is required during the oral phase as _______

A

Viscosity thickens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What stage does velar elevation begin?

A

Oral phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Opening of the pharynx begins in ____ and continues into the _____

A

Oral phase ; Pharyngeal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

______ is elevated in preparation for the pharyngeal phase

A

Hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

_____ is suspended from hyoid bone by __________ & _______.

So if _______ elevates and moves forward, then the _______ moves upward

A

Larynx; thyrohyoid ligament & thyrohyoid muscles

Hyoid ; Larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the muscles of the oral phase? 4 mastication muscles and 1 other

A

Mastication muscles

  1. Masseter
  2. Temporalis
  3. Lateral Pterygoid
  4. Medial Pterygoid

Other: Buccinator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

_____ is the foundation for the tongue and is embedded in the _____ _ ___ ______.

A

Hyoid; base of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Early elevation of the hyoid is controlled by what nerve? Via what?

A

CN V (trigeminal) Via the mylohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

In the oral phase, the elevation of the ____ allows the bolus to pass through the tonsillar pillars

A

Soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

In the oral phase, the elevation of the soft palate allows the bolus to pass through the _______

A

Tonsillar Pillars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

In the oral phase, this action prevents penetration of the bolus or escape of air pressure through the nasopharynx

A

The fully elevated soft palate contracting the adjacent pharyngeal walls in a valving action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

The ______ in the walls of the nasopharynx oppose one another to close nasopharynx

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

53
Q

____ is a protective vegetative function

A

Swallowing

54
Q

_____ & ____ are overlaid functions

A

Speech production & Voicing

55
Q

When does the pharyngeal swallow/phase initiate?

A

When the bolus passes the pharyngeal line (aka mandibular line)

56
Q

This phase includes the passage of food from the oral cavity through the pharynx to the esophagus

A

Pharyngeal phase

57
Q

Swallowing and respiration are _____ and therefor they must be ______

A

mutually exclusive ; must be coordinated

58
Q

What is apneal?

A

cease in breathing

59
Q

During the pharyngeal swallow, how long, approximately, is the apneal?

A

1 - 3.5 seconds

60
Q

If the body needs to choose between swallowing or respiration, it will choose….

A

Respiration

61
Q

Is the pharyngeal response voluntary or involuntary?

A

Involuntary

62
Q

The pharyngeal response is an involuntary airway ____ and bolus _____ event

A

airway protective ; bolus propulsive

63
Q

What are the 3 stages of swallowing

A

oral, pharyngeal and esophageal

64
Q

Dysphagia is not a _____ _____ _____ but rather a ______ of underlying disease and therefore is described most often by its _______ _______ (____).

A

primary medical diagnosis ; symptom ; clinical characteristics (signs)

65
Q

Normal swallowing includes….

A

an integrated, interdependent group of complex feeding behaviors emerging from interacting cranial nerves of the brainstem and governed by neural regulatory mechanisms in the medulla, as well as in sensorimotor and limbic cortical systems.

66
Q

stage in which food is masticated in preparation for transfer

A

Oral preparatory stage

67
Q

stage which entails the transfer of material from the mouth to the oropharynx

A

Oral stage

68
Q

stage in which material is transported away from the oropharynx around an occluded laryngeal vestibule, and through a relaxed cricopharyngeus muscle into the upper esophagus

A

Pharyngeal stage

69
Q

stage in which material is transported through the esophagus into the gastric cardia

A

esophageal stage

70
Q

The oral cavity extends from ____ and contains the ____, ____ & ____

A

the lips anteriorly to the nasopharynx posteriorly

tongue, gums, and teeth

71
Q

The oral cavity is separated from the nasal cavity by _____ & _____

A

The bony palate and velum (soft palate)

72
Q

The respiratory system is protected during pharyngeal swallow by

A

Occlusive muscular constriction of the laryngeal vestibule and downward displacement of the epiglottis

73
Q

Epiglottis extends from… into..

A

the base of the tongue into the pharyngeal cavity

74
Q

Lateral recesses at the base of the tongue on each side of the epiglottis

A

Valleculae

75
Q

Action of the Temporalis

A

Elevates or closes mandible; retracts mandible

76
Q

Action of Masseter

A

Elevates or closes mandible

77
Q

Action of Medial pterygoid

A

Elevates or closes mandible

78
Q

Action of Lateral pterygoid

A

Depressor or opener of mandible; protrudes mandible; permits side-to-side movement of mandible

79
Q

Muscles which which compress the lips and flatten the cheeks in the movement of food across the teeth

A

Buccinator muscles

80
Q

Action of Orbicularis oris

A

Closes, opens, protrudes, inverts and twists the lips

81
Q

Action of Levator veli palatini

A

Raises soft palate

82
Q

Action of Tensor veli palatini

A

Stretches soft palate

83
Q

This muscle Raises back of tongue during the first stage of swallowing

A

Palatoglossus

84
Q

This muscle Shuts off nasopharynx during second stage of swallowing

A

Palatopharyngeus

85
Q

Muscle that Shortens and raises uvula

A

Uvulae

86
Q

These 3 nerves innervate the suprahyoid group of muscles.

A

Hypoglossal, trigeminal and facial

87
Q

This suprahyoid muscle Elevates tongue and floor of mouth; depresses jaw when hyoid bone is in fixed position

A

Mylohyoid

88
Q

This suprahyoid muscle Raises hyoid bone if jaw is in fixed position; depresses jaw if hyoid bone is in fixed position

A

Digastric

89
Q

important single muscle that lies at the transition level between the pharynx and the esophagus

A

cricopharyngeal

90
Q

The ______ muscle acts as a sphincter, and ______ during passage of the bolus from the pharynx into the esophagus.

A

Cricopharyngeal ; relaxes

91
Q

This connects the pharynx and the stomach

A

Esophagus

92
Q

The esophagus is separated from the pharynx by the ______ ______ _____ and from the stomach by the _____ _____ ______.

A

pharyngeal esophageal segment (PES) ; lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

93
Q

Efficient movement of a bolus is accomplished when

A

coordinated neuromuscular contractions and relaxations create zones of high pressure on the bolus and zones of negative pressure below the level of the bolus

94
Q

______ provides the initial positive driving force

A

the tongue

95
Q

Efficient (i.e., timely and strong) laryngeal elevation helps create a

A

Negative zone of pressure in the pharynx

96
Q

Many mechanisms are active in preventing the bolus from entering the upper airway. These include:

A

(1) cessation of active respiration, (2) approximation of the true and false vocal folds, (3) closure of the laryngeal aditus, (4) deflection of bolus material by the tongue base over a rising larynx, and (5) division of the bolus through the valleculae that direct the bolus around the superior aspect of the airway entrance.

97
Q

The pharyngeal response is ________ once started.

A

an irreversible motor event

98
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

When the pressure in an adjacent area is lower, a vacuum is created and the contents of the higher region are “sucked” into the lower region of negative pressure

99
Q

_____ pressure is always to the bolus tail and _____ pressure is always at the bolus head

A

Positive ; negative

100
Q

What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

101
Q

Where is the nasopharynx?

A

Area directly behind the nasal cavity

102
Q

Where is the oropharynx?

A

Immediately behind the anterior faucial arches and extends to the hyoid bone

103
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx?

A

Region posterior to the larynx that extends from hyoid to esophagus

104
Q

When is the pharyngeal response triggered?

A

When the bolus passes the pharyngeal line

105
Q

What happens after the bolus passes the pharyngeal line?

A

Velopharyngeal closure

106
Q

This movement is rapid and high in the pharynx to form a complete seal with the posterior pharyngeal wall

A

Velopharyngeal closure

107
Q

What are the 3 muscles of velopharyngeal closure?

A

1) Levator veli palatini
2) Tensor veli palatini
3) Musculus uvulae

108
Q

What happens after velopharyngeal closure?

A

Hyolaryngeal elevation

109
Q

Explain what happens during hyolaryngeal elevation

A

The Hyoid and the Larynx rise and are pulled forward under the tongue

110
Q

Larynx is a ____ in the throat and pharynx is a _____ in the throat

A

Organ ; set of regions

111
Q

Larynx is made of _____. Pharynx is made of _____

A

Cartilage ; muscles

112
Q

What happens after hyolaryngeal elevation?

A

As the bolus is propelled posteriorly, the pharynx elevates and contracts to create a wave of contraction

113
Q

What are the 3 muscles that contract the walls of the pharyngeal chamber?

A

1) Superior pharyngeal constrictor
2) Middle pharyngeal constrictor
3) Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

114
Q

The ________, ______, and ________ ____________ form the ______ and _______ pharyngeal walls and serve to _________ and _______ the pharynx

A

superior, middle, and inferior constrictor;

Posterior and Lateral

Constrict and retract

115
Q

Defined as a pear-shaped passage that flanks the larynx

Located on either side of the laryngeal vestibule (opening into the larynx), just above the UES

A

Pyriform sinus

116
Q

What does the pyriform sinus do?

A

Help direct the bolus and protect from penetration or aspiration

117
Q

After the wave of contraction what happens?

A

Epiglottic inversion

118
Q

What happens after epiglottic inversion?

A

Vocal fold adduction

119
Q

What happens after vocal fold adduction?

A

Airway closure

120
Q

When does the pharyngeal phase end?

A

when the soft palate returns to the original position and the larynx reopens

121
Q

The simple transport of the bolus to the stomach through a peristaltic wave from the cricopharyngeal juncture to the gastroesophageal juncture

A

Esophageal phase

122
Q

The esophageal phase is defined as the ______ _____ of the bolus to the ____ through a ________ ______ from the _______ _______ to the _______ ______.

A

simple transport; stomach ; peristaltic wave ; cricopharyngeal juncture ; gastroesophageal juncture

123
Q

a wave of contraction the propagates down the esophagus

A

Peristaltic

124
Q

Esophageal motoneurons are ______ during ___ /_______ phases

A

inhibited ; oral/pharyngeal

125
Q

Once the bolus enters the esophagus, bolus movement involves the coordinated contraction

A

of smooth and striated muscles

126
Q

What are the 3 distinct areas of the esophagus

A
  1. cervical esophagus
  2. thoracic esophagus
  3. Abdominal esophagus
127
Q

Site of high pressure, resulting from tonic contraction of the smooth muscle making up the sphincter

A

Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)

128
Q

The primary peristaltic waves are initiated by the:

A

pharyngeal swallow

129
Q 
Occurs in response to stimulation of esophageal sensory receptors by the distension of the esophageal lumen
—	
Wave movement similar to primary waves
—	
Not initiated by pharyngeal swallow
A

Secondary esophageal peristalsis wave

Dysphagia (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions