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Dysphagia > Pediatric swallowing > Flashcards

Pediatric swallowing Flashcards

1
Q

4-6 weeks gestation

A

structures develop

Esophagus, trachea, mandible etc. formation

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2
Q

10-12 weeks gestation

A

initial pharyngeal swallow

First oral movements

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3
Q

23 weeks gestation

A

Developing lung function

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4
Q

34 weeks gestation

A

efficient pharyngeal swallow

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5
Q

3 weeks gestation

A

Suck-swallow pattern

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6
Q

The oral cavity is _____ in adults in proportion

A

larger

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7
Q

In an _______ the tongue fills the oral cavity and rests anteriorly.

A

Infant

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8
Q

Soft palate, tongue, and epiglottis are __ _____ in an infant

A

in contact

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9
Q

In an _____ the uvula hangs into the vallecular space

A

infant

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10
Q

Lower jaw is ____ & _____ in an infant

A

pulled back & small

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11
Q

Larynx is _____ & pahryngeal space is _____ in an infant

A

higher ; shorter

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12
Q

Epiglottis is a _____ shape in an infant

A

Omega

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13
Q

Infants have the presence of ________

A

sucking pads

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14
Q

In infants, all phases of swallowing are _____

A

involuntary

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15
Q

List the stages of swallowing for infants

A

Oral prep/ oral stage
Pharyngeal stage
Esophageal stage

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16
Q

What happens in the oral stage for infants

A

preparation of food or liquid in the oral cavity

Propulsion of the bolus posteriorly

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17
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal stage in infants?

A

Hyolaryngeal excursion

Initiation of the pharyngeal swallow

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18
Q

What happens in the esophageal stage in infants?

A

Peristalsis through the esophagus BUT it does not happen after every single swallow

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19
Q

Initial feeding pattern for infants

A

suckling

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20
Q

Suckling matures into a ______ pattern

A

sucking

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21
Q

sucking develops into _______ and _______

A

munching and chewing

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22
Q

Explain the initial pattern of feeding aka suckling

A 
tongue moves in a licking motion 
Tongue creates a seal around the nipple
1-8 repetition (express liquid 1-8 times before a swallow)
Can breathe during suckling
No lateral movement of the tongue
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23
Q

Explain the sucking pattern of feeding

A

More of an up and down rhythmic motion

More 1 suck per swallow

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24
Q

What is nutritive sucking vs non-nutritive sucking

A

Nutritive - used to get liquids from nipple

Non-nutritive - Non-feeding nipple like a pacifier or a finger

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25
List 7 primitive reflexes
``` Rooting Phasic bite Tongue thrust Oral opening Gag Swallowing Sucking ```
26
What is rooting
Pressure put on cheek or lips and infant will turn their head in response to that stimuli
27
What is phasic bite
Apply pressure on infants gums and infant will close their jaw or mouth in response to stimulation (protective or preparing to munch)
28
What is tongue thrust
infant pushes forward to get whatever is in their oral cavity out. This is protective to prevent choking
29
What is the reflex oral opening
When a bottle or food is presented to the lips and the infant responds
30
What is the gag reflex
A protective reflex | Usually integrated by 6 months
31
What is the sucking reflex
When stimulation is presented to top of the tongue or hard palate and sucking begins
32
Why is birth - 3 months a liquid only diet?
Space in the mouth and the gut is still developing
33
Birth - 3 months the swallow is triggered by
sucking
34
Birth - 3 months, the jaw, lips and tongue move ______
together
35
Birth - 3 months the infants tongue is _____ and _______ the liquids
flat ; channels
36
Usually, birth - 3 months intake is all ______ to gain ______
reflexive ; nourishment
37
Need full postural support
Birth - 3 months
38
Primitive reflexes begin to become inhibited
3-6 months
39
Lips, jaw and tongue move dependently
3-6 months
40
Introduction to cereals and purees
3-6 months
41
Intro to spoon feeding but tongue thrust may still be present
3-6 months
42
Open their mouths for intro of food
3-6 months
43
What is baby led weaning?
When you introduce solid food and let the baby decide
44
Can hold the jaw closed
6-9 months
45
Upper lip can strip the bolus from the spoon
6-9 months
46
Tongue lateralization
6-9 months
47
Early mastication but still taking mostly liquids
6-9 months
48
Eruption of teeth
6-9 months
49
Gag is diminishing
6-9 months
50
Beginning of cup drinking
6-9 months
51
Some mashed and soft liquids possible
6-9 months
52
Lip closure, especially during the swallow
9-12 months
53
Mashed foods presented
9-12 months
54
Lips and cheeks used to draw foods in
9-12 months
55
Increased jaw control
9-12 months
56
May see self feeding beginning, unsupported sitting, pointing to foods they want
9-12 months
57
Food intake may be from cup bottle or breats
9-12 months
58
Mastication is more defines
12-18 months
59
Better able to move bolus
12-18 months
60
Increased length of suck, swallow, breathe pattern
12-18 months
61
Introduction of finely chopped foods
12-18 months
62
Lateralization of bolus
12-18 months
63
Cough to clear airway
12-18 months
64
Change from munching to rotary
12-18 months
65
Possibly spoon feeding themselves
18-24 months
66
use tongue to clear lips
18-24 months
67
Straw drinking
24-36 months
68
Open cup drinking
24-36 months
69
Fine tuning of feeding behaviors that they have developed
24-36 months
70
Facial expressions to indicate dislikes
24-36 months
71
Fork feeding
36 months - 5 years
72
Advanced textures of foods
36 months - 5 years

Dysphagia (6 decks)

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