Quiz 1 Overview of Human Being Flashcards
Levels Of Complexity in Anatomy
Organism: Human Body Systems Organs Tissues Cells
Systems
Nervous System Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Cardiovascular Lymphatic/Immune Respiratory Urinary
Nervous System
communication, projecting and receiving electrical messages (nerves)
Integumentary System
barrier (skin)
Skeletal System
structure, protection, stability (bones)
Muscular System
heat, movement (muscle)
Cardiovascular System
transportation, distribution, elimination, defense, cleaning (heart and blood vessels)
Lymphatic/Immune System
identification of the self, waste removal (tonsils, thymus gland, spleen)
Respiratory System
gas exchange (lungs and passages)
Urinary System
filter, waste removal
Digestive System
to break down (mouth, esophagus, stomach, SI, LI, gall bladder, pancreas)
Endocrine System
communication, excretion/secretion (regulation of hormones)
Reproductive
sexual organs
Organs, Tissues, Cells
Organs: nomenclature overlap with TCM channels/systems
Tissues: 4 main types, each with subcategories
Cells: 75-100 trillion microscopic functional units that create the whole and originate from one
Anatomical Position
standing upright, facing forward, arms down, palms forward
Body Cavities: spaces/areas
Dorsal Cavity: posterior
- Cranial Cavity: brain
- Spinal Cavity: spinal chord, central nervous system
Ventral Cavity: anterior
- Thoracic Cavity: vital organs (diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal)
- Abdominal Cavity: digestive organs
- Pelvic Cavity: urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
Abdominopelvic Divisions
Quadrants: imaginary dividing lines that run transverse and sagittal across the umbilicus (R&;L upper quadrants, R&L lower quadrants
Regions: 9 regions, 3x3 square, center square around umbilicus
- R&L hypochondriac regions, (central epigastric region)
- R&L lumbar regions, (central umbilical region)
- R&L iliac (or inguinal) regions, (central hypogastric region)
Ingest
taking in
Digest
breaking down
Assimilate
absorb
Transport
carrying from one point to the other
Synthesize
to come together/combination
Secrete
move through a membrane e.g. oils on the skin
Detoxify
to remove a poisonous or harmful substance
Excrete
waste removal (bowels, urination)
Respire
breathe: inhale/exhale
Grow
to become larger
Move
to cause something to go from one place to another
Regulate
to set or adjust the amount, degree, or rate of something
Reproduce
to make a copy of something
Metabolism
the general term for change in the body, made specific in our functions and manifesting in our structure. In the end, we are either constructing or destructing through Anabolism, or Catabolism
Anabolism
building things up, energy storage
Catabolism
breaking things down, release of energy
Homeostasis
a return to within our limits or normal
- our metabolic processes provide mechanisms to maintain or restore normal limits within the body. As we do not exist in isolation, our internal & external environments undergo constant change and subject to exposure. It is these exposures that “push” our limits (something exceeding them), require response (negative and positive feedback exist to achieve this)
Negative Feedback
response in the opposite direction as the deviation
- tends to be rapid, seamless, and without major disruption or damage (e.g eat to much sugar, body wants to release/remove sugar)
Positive Feedback
response in the same direction as the deviation
- tends to produce symptoms that evolve, intensify, and resolve through crisis (e.g. pregnancy to birth)
Disease
One of the first things you will do in evaluating patients is determining whether their complaint is of acute or chronic nature
- this will help guide your treatment plans and allow you to set realistic expectations for the patient’s prognosis
Disease: Acute: Chronic: Etiology: Pathology: Prognosis:
Acute: sudden onset, very serious or dangerous
Chronic: long term negative change
Etiology: cause of disease (presents a return to normal)
Pathology: study of disease (result of etiology)
Prognosis: prediction of patient outcome
DISEASE?: 1. lifestyle, habits, diet
2. being born with a problem
3. trauma
HEALTH
maintaining homeostasis?
