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A & P I* > Quiz 1 Overview of Human Being > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Overview of Human Being Flashcards

1
Q

Levels Of Complexity in Anatomy

A 
Organism: Human Body
Systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells
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2
Q

Systems

A 
Nervous System
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic/Immune
Respiratory
Urinary
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3
Q

Nervous System

A

communication, projecting and receiving electrical messages (nerves)

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4
Q

Integumentary System

A

barrier (skin)

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5
Q

Skeletal System

A

structure, protection, stability (bones)

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6
Q

Muscular System

A

heat, movement (muscle)

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7
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

transportation, distribution, elimination, defense, cleaning (heart and blood vessels)

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8
Q

Lymphatic/Immune System

A

identification of the self, waste removal (tonsils, thymus gland, spleen)

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9
Q

Respiratory System

A

gas exchange (lungs and passages)

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10
Q

Urinary System

A

filter, waste removal

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11
Q

Digestive System

A

to break down (mouth, esophagus, stomach, SI, LI, gall bladder, pancreas)

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12
Q

Endocrine System

A

communication, excretion/secretion (regulation of hormones)

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13
Q

Reproductive

A

sexual organs

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14
Q

Organs, Tissues, Cells

A

Organs: nomenclature overlap with TCM channels/systems
Tissues: 4 main types, each with subcategories
Cells: 75-100 trillion microscopic functional units that create the whole and originate from one

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15
Q

Anatomical Position

A

standing upright, facing forward, arms down, palms forward

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16
Q

Body Cavities: spaces/areas

A

Dorsal Cavity: posterior
- Cranial Cavity: brain
- Spinal Cavity: spinal chord, central nervous system
Ventral Cavity: anterior
- Thoracic Cavity: vital organs (diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal)
- Abdominal Cavity: digestive organs
- Pelvic Cavity: urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

17
Q

Abdominopelvic Divisions

A

Quadrants: imaginary dividing lines that run transverse and sagittal across the umbilicus (R&;L upper quadrants, R&L lower quadrants
Regions: 9 regions, 3x3 square, center square around umbilicus
- R&L hypochondriac regions, (central epigastric region)
- R&L lumbar regions, (central umbilical region)
- R&L iliac (or inguinal) regions, (central hypogastric region)

18
Q

Ingest

A

taking in

19
Q

Digest

A

breaking down

20
Q

Assimilate

A

absorb

21
Q

Transport

A

carrying from one point to the other

22
Q

Synthesize

A

to come together/combination

23
Q

Secrete

A

move through a membrane e.g. oils on the skin

24
Q

Detoxify

A

to remove a poisonous or harmful substance

25
Q

Excrete

A

waste removal (bowels, urination)

26
Q

Respire

A

breathe: inhale/exhale

27
Q

Grow

A

to become larger

28
Q

Move

A

to cause something to go from one place to another

29
Q

Regulate

A

to set or adjust the amount, degree, or rate of something

30
Q

Reproduce

A

to make a copy of something

31
Q

Metabolism

A

the general term for change in the body, made specific in our functions and manifesting in our structure. In the end, we are either constructing or destructing through Anabolism, or Catabolism

32
Q

Anabolism

A

building things up, energy storage

33
Q

Catabolism

A

breaking things down, release of energy

34
Q

Homeostasis

A

a return to within our limits or normal

  • our metabolic processes provide mechanisms to maintain or restore normal limits within the body. As we do not exist in isolation, our internal & external environments undergo constant change and subject to exposure. It is these exposures that “push” our limits (something exceeding them), require response (negative and positive feedback exist to achieve this)
35
Q

Negative Feedback

A

response in the opposite direction as the deviation
- tends to be rapid, seamless, and without major disruption or damage (e.g eat to much sugar, body wants to release/remove sugar)

36
Q

Positive Feedback

A

response in the same direction as the deviation

- tends to produce symptoms that evolve, intensify, and resolve through crisis (e.g. pregnancy to birth)

37
Q

Disease

A

One of the first things you will do in evaluating patients is determining whether their complaint is of acute or chronic nature
- this will help guide your treatment plans and allow you to set realistic expectations for the patient’s prognosis

38
Q 
Disease:
Acute:
Chronic:
Etiology:
Pathology:
Prognosis:
A

Acute: sudden onset, very serious or dangerous
Chronic: long term negative change
Etiology: cause of disease (presents a return to normal)
Pathology: study of disease (result of etiology)
Prognosis: prediction of patient outcome
DISEASE?: 1. lifestyle, habits, diet
2. being born with a problem
3. trauma

39
Q

HEALTH

A

maintaining homeostasis?

A & P I* (10 decks)

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