Quiz 1 Overview of Human Being

Question 1

Levels Of Complexity in Anatomy

Answer 1

Organism: Human Body
Systems
Organs
Tissues
Cells

Question 2

Systems

Answer 2

Nervous System
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic/Immune
Respiratory
Urinary

Question 3

Nervous System

Answer 3

communication, projecting and receiving electrical messages (nerves)

Question 4

Integumentary System

Answer 4

barrier (skin)

Question 5

Skeletal System

Answer 5

structure, protection, stability (bones)

Question 6

Muscular System

Answer 6

heat, movement (muscle)

Question 7

Cardiovascular System

Answer 7

transportation, distribution, elimination, defense, cleaning (heart and blood vessels)

Question 8

Lymphatic/Immune System

Answer 8

identification of the self, waste removal (tonsils, thymus gland, spleen)

Question 9

Respiratory System

Answer 9

gas exchange (lungs and passages)

Question 10

Urinary System

Answer 10

filter, waste removal

Question 11

Digestive System

Answer 11

to break down (mouth, esophagus, stomach, SI, LI, gall bladder, pancreas)

Question 12

Endocrine System

Answer 12

communication, excretion/secretion (regulation of hormones)

Question 13

Reproductive

Answer 13

sexual organs

Question 14

Organs, Tissues, Cells

Answer 14

Organs: nomenclature overlap with TCM channels/systems
Tissues: 4 main types, each with subcategories
Cells: 75-100 trillion microscopic functional units that create the whole and originate from one

Question 15

Anatomical Position

Answer 15

standing upright, facing forward, arms down, palms forward

Question 16

Body Cavities: spaces/areas

Answer 16

Dorsal Cavity: posterior
- Cranial Cavity: brain
- Spinal Cavity: spinal chord, central nervous system
Ventral Cavity: anterior
- Thoracic Cavity: vital organs (diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal)
- Abdominal Cavity: digestive organs
- Pelvic Cavity: urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

Question 17

Abdominopelvic Divisions

Answer 17

Quadrants: imaginary dividing lines that run transverse and sagittal across the umbilicus (R&;L upper quadrants, R&L lower quadrants
Regions: 9 regions, 3x3 square, center square around umbilicus
- R&L hypochondriac regions, (central epigastric region)
- R&L lumbar regions, (central umbilical region)
- R&L iliac (or inguinal) regions, (central hypogastric region)

Question 18

Ingest

Answer 18

taking in

Question 19

Digest

Answer 19

breaking down

Question 20

Assimilate

Answer 20

absorb

Question 21

Transport

Answer 21

carrying from one point to the other

Question 22

Synthesize

Answer 22

to come together/combination

Question 23

Secrete

Answer 23

move through a membrane e.g. oils on the skin

Question 24

Detoxify

Answer 24

to remove a poisonous or harmful substance

Question 25

Excrete

Answer 25

waste removal (bowels, urination)

Question 26

Respire

Answer 26

breathe: inhale/exhale

Question 27

Grow

Answer 27

to become larger

Question 28

Move

Answer 28

to cause something to go from one place to another

Question 29

Regulate

Answer 29

to set or adjust the amount, degree, or rate of something

Question 30

Reproduce

Answer 30

to make a copy of something

Question 31

Metabolism

Answer 31

the general term for change in the body, made specific in our functions and manifesting in our structure. In the end, we are either constructing or destructing through Anabolism, or Catabolism

Question 32

Anabolism

Answer 32

building things up, energy storage

Question 33

Catabolism

Answer 33

breaking things down, release of energy

Question 34

Homeostasis

Answer 34

a return to within our limits or normal - our metabolic processes provide mechanisms to maintain or restore normal limits within the body. As we do not exist in isolation, our internal & external environments undergo constant change and subject to exposure. It is these exposures that "push" our limits (something exceeding them), require response (negative and positive feedback exist to achieve this)

Question 35

Negative Feedback

Answer 35

response in the opposite direction as the deviation - tends to be rapid, seamless, and without major disruption or damage (e.g eat to much sugar, body wants to release/remove sugar)

Question 36

Positive Feedback

Answer 36

response in the same direction as the deviation | - tends to produce symptoms that evolve, intensify, and resolve through crisis (e.g. pregnancy to birth)

Question 37

Disease

Answer 37

One of the first things you will do in evaluating patients is determining whether their complaint is of acute or chronic nature - this will help guide your treatment plans and allow you to set realistic expectations for the patient's prognosis

Question 38

``` Disease: Acute: Chronic: Etiology: Pathology: Prognosis: ```

Answer 38

Acute: sudden onset, very serious or dangerous Chronic: long term negative change Etiology: cause of disease (presents a return to normal) Pathology: study of disease (result of etiology) Prognosis: prediction of patient outcome DISEASE?: 1. lifestyle, habits, diet 2. being born with a problem 3. trauma

Question 39

HEALTH

Answer 39

maintaining homeostasis?