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Oral Biology - Quiz 1 > Quiz 1 - Moore - Pharyngeal Arches > Flashcards

Quiz 1 - Moore - Pharyngeal Arches Flashcards

1
Q

What does branchial mean?

A

Gills

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2
Q

What would have a greater impact on the organism, a disruption during the formation of the pharyngeal system or a disruption during development of pharyngeal derivatives?

A

Pharyngeal system

*This is earlier on in the cycle, and can impact more things down the road

DISRUPTIONS TO EITHER PHASE CAN RESULT IN A BROAD SPECTRUM OF DEFECTS

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3
Q

Name 3 syndromes associated with problems in the 1st arch.

A

Treacher-Collins

Pierre Robin

DiGeorge Syndrome

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4
Q

What is a cyst?

A

Sealed cavity filled with air, pus, fluid

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5
Q

What is a sinus?

A

Cavity w/in a tissue, can open externally

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6
Q

What is a fistula?

A

Abnormal connection b/t 2 structures

  • B/t 2 epithelialization surfaces
  • Usually b/t 2 hollow structures
  • Blind: Open on one end only
  • Complete: Openings inside and outside body
  • Incomplete: Tube from skin closed on inside, no internal connection
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7
Q

Define migration.

A

Cells move, or not, during development

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8
Q

Define proliferation.

A

Growth in cell number thru cell division

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9
Q

Define genetics.

A

Mutations change patterns in migration, proliferation, etc.

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10
Q

Where do pharyngeal arches emerge at?

A

Neural tube closure

*Ectodermal pouches filled with mesenchyme

**1st arch is of primary relevance to the face

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11
Q

Which arch shows 2 prominences clearly, and what are the prominences?

A

1st arch

*Maxillary and mandibular prominences

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12
Q

Ecto

Meso

Endo

Neural crest

A

Outside

Middle

Inside

Middle (Either from Ecto or meso)

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13
Q

What are the 4 components of pharyngeal arches?

A

Aortic arch - artery that arises from the truncus arteriosus of the primordial heart, bridge b/t the truncus arteriosus and dorsal aorta, ARISES FROM MESODERM

Cartilaginous rod - Forms the skeleton of the arch

Muscular component - Differentiates into mm in the head and neck

Nerve - Supplies mucosa and mm derived from the arch

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14
Q

Aortic arches 1 and 2 do what?

A

Largely disappear, but the remains are maxillary, ext carotid, stapedial

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15
Q

Aortic arches 3,4, and 6 do what?

A

Remodeled to form portions of some large arteries - common and int carotid (3), aortic, subclavian (4), pulmonary (6)

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16
Q

What arch mesoderm gives rise to facial bones?

A

Arch 1

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17
Q

What are some structures formed by the cartilaginous components of the arches?

A

Malleus, incus, stapes, styloid process, hyoid, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

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18
Q

Endochondral ossification comes from where?

A

Direct from cartilage

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19
Q

Intramembranous ossification comes from where?

A

Direct from mesoderm

*Arch 1 gives rise to facial bones (temporal, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible)

20
Q

Muscles come from where?

A

Mesoderm of the individual arches

21
Q

Muscles:

Arch 1?
Arch 2?
Arch 3?
Arch 4?
Arches 5-6?

MFSPL - My Fleury Sexy PLace

A 
1 -  Mastication
2 - Facial
3 - Stylopharyngeus
4 - Pharyngeal constrictors
5-6 - 5 disappears, 6 - Laryngeal mm
22
Q

Cranial nerves contain ______ nerves (________ ________ and __________ placode derived) and _________ nerves (CNS derived)

A

Sensory
Neural crest
Ectodermal
Motor

23
Q

Arch 1 is associated with what CN?

A

V

*Maxillary prominence associates with V2

**Mandibular prominence associates with V3

24
Q

What muscles are associated with arch 1?

A

Mastication (Temporalis, masseter, med and lat pterygoids)

Mylohyoid

Ant digastric

Tensor palatine

Tensor tympani

25
Q

What parts of the skeleton are associated with arch 1?

A

Meckel’s cartilage

Maxilla

Mandible

Malleus

Incus

Zygomatic bone and process

Temporal bone

Vomer

Palatine bone

26
Q

Arch 2 is associated with what CN?

A

Facial

27
Q

Arch 2 is associated with what muscles?

A

Facial expression

Post digastric

Stylohyoid

Stapedius

Platysma

28
Q

Arch 2 is associated with what parts of the skeleton?

A

Stapes

Styloid process

Stylohyoid ligament

Lesser horn and upper portion of body of hyoid

29
Q

Arch 3 is associated with what CN?

A

Glossopharyngeal

30
Q

Arch 3 is associated with what muscle?

A

Stylopharyngeus

31
Q

Arch 3 is associated with what parts of the skeleton?

A

Greater horn and lower portion of body of hyoid

32
Q

Arch 4 is associated with what CN and what specific nerve?

A

Vagus

-Superior laryngeal

33
Q

Arch 4 is associated with what muscles?

A

Cricothyroid

Pharyngeal constrictors

Levator veli palatini

34
Q

Arch 4 is associated with what part of the skeleton?

A

Laryngeal cartilages

35
Q

Arch 6 is associated with what CN, and what specific nerve?

A

Vagus

-Recurrent laryngeal

36
Q

Arch 6 is associated with what muscles?

A

Intrinsic muscles of larynx, EXCEPT CRICOTHYROID

37
Q

The mandibular process of Arch 1 forms what?

A

Lower lip, face, and cheek regions, chin, mandible, body of tongue

38
Q

The maxillary process of Arch 1 forms what?

A

Midface, upper cheek regions, upper lip sides, secondary palate, maxilla, zygomatic bone

39
Q

Failure of the neural crest to properly migrate into 1st arch results in what syndrome?

A

First Arch Syndrome

  • Treacher-Collins syndrome - hypoplasia of arch derived facial bones
  • Pierre Robin Syndrome - hypoplasia of the mandible
40
Q

How many pharyngeal grooves/clefts are there?

A

4

41
Q

Which cleft is the only cleft normally NOT obliterated in development?

A

Cleft 1

*Clefts 2-4 can persist in ABNORMAL situations

42
Q

Clefts are lined with what development layer?

A

ECTODERM!

43
Q

What does cleft 1 give rise to?

A

External auditory meatus

44
Q

What are congenital auricular sinuses and cysts?

A

Small pits (sinuses) and cysts commonly found in a triangle of skin anterior to the ear

*May be a remnant of the pharyngeal groove/cleft [Which one?]{Cleft 1!}

**Largely irrelevant. No significance unless it opens deep in the tissue

45
Q

Lateral cervical pharyngeal cleft anomalies?

A

Uncommon, open EXTERNALLY - failure of 2nd groove or cervical sinus to obliterate

*Ant border of SCM from tragus to clavicle

46
Q

Internal branchial pharyngeal cleft anomaly?

A

Rare, persistent second pouch - opens into INTRA-TONSILLAR CLEFT (Pharynx)

Oral Biology - Quiz 1 (5 decks)

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