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Oral Biology - Quiz 1 > Quiz 1 - Colombo - Development Of The Craniofacial Skeleton > Flashcards

Quiz 1 - Colombo - Development Of The Craniofacial Skeleton Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is bone?

A

Hydroxyapatite on a collagenous matrix, with various attendant non-collagenous proteins

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2
Q

Enamel lacks the _______ structure, but has hydroxyapatite

A

Cartilaginous

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3
Q

T/F - Cementum resembles bone.

A

TRUE

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4
Q

What are the two bone forming processes?

A

Endochondral - Formed on a cartilage template (long bones)

Intramembranous - Formed from a condensation of mesenchyme - most of the mandible, skull plates

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5
Q

Define initiation.

A

Start of ossification, whether conversion of cartilage to bone, or condensation and ossification of mesenchyme/neural crest

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6
Q

Define growth.

A

Addition of more bony matrix to a pre-existing bone; thickening, elongation

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7
Q

Define primary displacement.

A

Movement of bone due to its own growth

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8
Q

Define secondary displacement.

A

Movement of a bone due to the growth of other bones

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9
Q

Define remodeling.

A

Growth involving simultaneous deposition and resorption on all peri- and endosteal surfaces; changes size, shape, proportion, relationship w/ adjacent structures

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10
Q

Define drift.

A

Remodeling that results in movement of a bone towards the deposition surface

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11
Q

Define functional matrix.

A

Tissue that guides a bone’s growth by exerting a force upon the bone

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12
Q

T/F - Directional bone growth can occur by the deposition of bone on a surface, with concomitant (same time) resorption on another.

A

TRUE

*Bones can also get wider this way

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13
Q

How do bones move?

A

Thru resorption and deposition

*This is primary displacement - the bone doing this to itself

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14
Q

What is secondary displacement?

A

Growth of one bone causes growth in another

*I.e. distal phalange grows itself (primary displacement), but most of the movement is due to growth of long bones of the arm (secondary displacement)

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15
Q

T/F - Bone growth is not typically equal in all directions, but asymmetric, and this maintains proportion.

A

TRUE

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16
Q

What is a growth field?

A

Where matrix can be laid down or resorbed

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17
Q

What is a growth site?

A

Fields of significance to growth of a bone

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18
Q

What is a growth center?

A

Special growth sites, control overall growth of bone

*Epiphyseal plates of long bones

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19
Q

What is the neurocranium?

A

Encases the brain

2 parts:

Calvaria - skull cap

Cranial base - base of skull

20
Q

Tell me about the calvaria.

A

Intramembranous bone, not from a cartilaginous model

From paraxial mesoderm and neural crest in origin

ALSO CALLED THE DESMOCRANIUM

21
Q

Tell me about the cranial base.

A

ALSO CALLED CHONDROCRANIUM

This is the base of the skull

Derived from organ capsular tissues

Endochondral bone (cartilage template, primarily neural crest)

22
Q

Tell me about the viscerocranium.

A

Formed from pharyngeal arches, this makes up our face bones

Nasal
Lacrimal
Inferior nasal concha
Maxilla
Mandible
Vomer
Zygomatic
Palatine
23
Q

T/F - The viscerocranium grows much more postnatally than the desmocranium.

A

TRUE

24
Q

What are the bones of the desmocranium (Calvaria)?

A

Frontal, parietal, parts of: occipital, temporal, sphenoid

*Intramembranous ossification

25
Q

The inner layer is called what and what does it do?

A

Endomeninx - neural crest, gives rise to pia mater and arachnoid

26
Q

The outer layer is called what and what does it do?

A

Ectomeninx - neural crest and paraxial mesoderm, gives rise to dura mater and the calvaria

  • Superficial ectomeninx - ossifies to form the frontal bone, parietal…
  • Inner ectomeninx - Remains unossified forms dura
27
Q

T/F - Condensed mesenchyme forms a bilateral membrane that encapsulates the developing brain.

A

TRUE

28
Q

What are sutures?

A

Mesenchymal gaps b/t bones of the calvaria

29
Q

What are fontanelles?

A

Unossified suture b/t 2 or more skull bones

Allow for growth of skull to make room for brain

*Ossification of sutures marks the end of bone growth

30
Q

What is anencephaly?

A

Failure of rostral neural tube to close ~week 4, loss of telencephalon

31
Q

What is craniosynostosis?

A

Premature fusion of the cranial vault sutures

32
Q

Ectomeninx in floor of brain forms cartilage in response to notochord and other signals and becomes what?

A

CHONDROCRANIUM

*Later undergoes endochondral ossification

33
Q

What is the nasal capsule?

A

Embryological tissue that forms the nasal cavity

34
Q

T/F - Growth of nasal septal cartilage plays a role in downward/forward growth of mid face.

A

TRUE

35
Q

What is the maxilla proper?

A

Intramembranous ossification of mesenchyme, forms from maxillary prominence/process

36
Q

What is the premaxilla?

A

Intramembranous ossification of mesenchyme, forms from frontonasal process, forms primary palate, fuses early with maxilla proper

37
Q

What are secondary cartilages?

A

Zygomatic process, alveolar plate, hard palate b/t palatine processes

38
Q

T/F - Maxilla forms and grows down and forward using both primary and secondary displacement from growth of zygomatic and nasal septum cartilages.

A

TRUE

39
Q

T/F - Secondary displacement at sutures pushes maxilla down, forward, and out.

A

TRUE

40
Q

What houses the tooth germs?

A

Alveolar plates (form alveolar bone ridges, sockets, etc) form from the maxilla and junction of the palatal process

41
Q

How does the mandible form?

A

Intramembranous ossification - Bone forms LATERAL to MECKEL’S cartilage (hyaline)

*Not formed from Meckel’s cartilage, it just supports it. It doesn’t become it, that would be endochondral ossification

42
Q

What happens to meckel’s cartilage?

A

Disappears anteriorly

43
Q

What is the condylar cartilage?

A

Remains on the articular ends on the head of the condyle

*It expands into a cone running along the ramus and ossifies thru endochondral ossification

44
Q

How does the mandible form?

A

Intramembranous ossification supported by meckel’s cartilage, except for condylar head, which is endochondral

45
Q

T/F - Condyle cartilage is an important growth center for the ramus, driving intramembranous ossification, and then ossifies itself thru endochondral ossication.

A

TRUE

46
Q

T/F - The coronoid cartilage disappears before birth, and the symphyseal cartilages disappear int he first year of birth.

A

TRUE

Oral Biology - Quiz 1 (5 decks)

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