Quiz 1- Lecture 1: Anatomical Overview of the Human Brain: PNS

Question 1

What makes up CNS?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Composed of bundles of _____ and _____ nerve fibers that connect the central and peripheral divisions of the nervous system

Answer 2

Afferent and Efferent

Question 3

The spinal cord is a direct extension of the

Answer 3

Brain stem (extending from foramen magnum of the skull down the vertebral column of the spine)

Question 4

An Introduction to the Spinal Cord:
Within the vertebral column, the spinal cord is surrounded by

Answer 4

meningeal coverings (which are continuous with the meningeal coverings of the brain)

Question 5

What do the meningeal coverings do?

Answer 5

Surround and protect the brain and spinal cord and help stabilize them within their bony surroundings

Question 6

Layers of the meninges

Answer 6

Dura mater: Outermost layer,
Arachnoid mater: Next layer, Covering spinal cord (forming subarachnoid space)
Subarachnoid space: between arachnoid and pia mater; filled with CSF (cushions and protects the brain both physically and chemically)
Pia mater: Innermost meningeal layer and adheres tightly to surface of spinal cord

Question 7

Spinal blood vessels are suspended within small strands of tissue called

Answer 7

Arachnoid trabeculae (connect to the pia mater)

Question 8

Pia mater gives rise to a number of outgrowths that function to anchor and provide stability to the spinal cord.

Paired ribbon like extensions of pia mater extend laterally and attach to the dura along the length of the spinal cord. These are known as

Answer 8

Denticulate ligaments (rise medially in between anterior and posterior roots of spinal nerves)

Question 9

Another pia outgrowth is

What does it do?

Answer 9

Film terminale (arises at the distal end of the conus medullaris)

It stabilizes the spinal cord by anchoring it distally to the bony coccyx

Question 10

The tapered end of the spinal cord is called

It is surrounded by long lumbosacral roots collectively referred to as

Answer 10

Conus medullaris (where the spinal cord ends)

Cauda equina

Question 11

Arrangement of nerves as they emerge from CNS:

Brain gives rise to ___ cranial nerves.
What is the bone that protects it?

Answer 11

12
Skull

Question 12

Upper region of spinal cord is called
How many nerves?
How many vertebrae?

Answer 12

Cervical (or neck) region; 8 cervical nerves; 7 cervical vertebrae

Question 13

Next region of spinal cord (below cervical)
How many nerves?
How many vertebrae?

Answer 13

Thoracic region (ribs and nerves that emerge from spinal cord); 12 thoracic nerves; 12 thoracic vetebrae

Question 14

Next region of spinal cord (below thoracic)
How many nerves?
How many vertebrae?

Answer 14

Lumbar region; 5 lumbar nerves; 5 lumbar vertebrae

Question 15

Next region of spinal cord (below lumbar)
How many nerves?
How many vertebrae?

Answer 15

Sacrum; 5 sacral nerves; (5 sacral vetebrae infuse into) Sacrum

Question 16

Last end of spinal cord (below sacral)
How many nerves?
How many vertebrae?

Answer 16

Coccyx; 1 coccygeal nerve; (although 1-4 coccygeal vertebrae, fuse to form) Coccyx

Question 17

Gross anatomy of the spinal cord:
2 areas become enlarged

Answer 17

Superior swelling is cervical enlargement (segments c4 to t1)
Inferior swelling is lumbar-sacral enlargement (segents L2 to s3)

Question 18

Spinal cord (ends at the back) and dural sac (lower til end of vertebral column)
What marks the end of spinal cord?

Answer 18

Intervertebral disc of L1 and L2 (Pelvis or Eliac crest)