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Fall 2024: Anatomy 2 > Quiz 1: Lecture 1-3 > Flashcards

Quiz 1: Lecture 1-3 Flashcards

UE Anatomy

1
Q

What is the axilla?

A

A pyramid shaped region between the pec and arm (also runs posterior to the clavicle)

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2
Q

Which structures make up the boundaries of the axilla?

A

Anterior Boundary: Pec major and minor

Medial Boundary: Serratus anterior

Posterior Boundary: Subscapularis, teres major, lats

Lateral Boundary: Humerus

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3
Q

What does the axilla contain?

A
  • Axillary artery
  • Axillary vein
  • Brachial plexus
  • Lymphatics
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4
Q

List the primary blood flow path through the upper extremity

A

Subclavian Artery, Axillary Artery, Brachial Artery

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5
Q

Which upper extremity arteries come off the subclavian

A
  • Internal Thoracic (1st part of subclavian)
  • Dorsal Scapular (3rd part of subclavian)
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6
Q

Which artery supplies blood from the superior to transverse scap ligament?

A

Suprascapular artery

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7
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the medial part of the scapula?

A

Dorsal scapular artery

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8
Q

T or F? The dorsal scapular artery and suprascapular artery make an anastamoses (overlapping circulation) of the inferior scapula

A

True

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9
Q

The subclavian artery is divided into 3 parts by which muscle?

A

Anterior scalene

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10
Q

The axillary artery is divided into 3 parts by which muscle?

A

Pec minor

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11
Q

Which artery branches off the 1st part of the axillary artery?

A
  • Superior thoracic artery
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12
Q

Which arteries branch off the 2nd part of the axillary artery?

A
  • Thoracoacromial trunk
  • Lateral thoracic artery
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13
Q

Which arteries come off of the thoracoacromial trunk? (Think: Atlantic City Police Department)

A
  • Acromial
  • Clavicular
  • Pectoral
  • Deltoid
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13
Q

Which arteries branch off the 3rd part of the axillary artery?

A
  • Subscapular artery
  • Anterior circumflex humeral artery
  • Posterior circumflex humeral artery
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14
Q

Which 3 arteries supply the posterior/inferior scapula?

A
  • Suprascapular artery
  • Dorsal scapular artery
  • Scapular circumflex artery
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15
Q

Describe the anterior and posterior circumflex arteries

A
  • Anterior is smaller than posterior
  • both meet at the anterior humerus to create an anastomosis
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16
Q

What are the 4 veins of the axillary region?

A
  • Basilic
  • Cephalic
  • Axillary
  • Subclavian
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17
Q

When returning back to the heart, what is the order of bloodflow?

A

Basilic vein, axillary vein, subclavian vein

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18
Q

Which vein feeds into the axillary vein?

A

Cephalic vein

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19
Q

Which structures go through the quadrangular space?

A
  • Axillary nerve
  • Posterior circumflex humeral artery + vein
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20
Q

Which structures go through the triangular space?

A
  • Circumflex scapular artery
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21
Q

Which structures go through the triangular interval?

A
  • Radial nerve
  • Deep brachial artery
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22
Q

What are the 3 spaces around the shoulder?

A
  • Quadrangular space
  • Triangular space
  • Triangular interval
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23
Q

Which ligament runs on the superior scapula?

A

Superior transverse scap ligament

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24
Q

T or F? The suprascapular nerve runs overtop of the superior transverse scapular ligament, while the suprascapular artery runs below

A

False, the suprascapular artery runs overtop of the superior transverse ligament while the suprascapular nerve runs below

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25
Q

T or F? All upper extremity muscles are supplied by nerves from the brachial plexus

A

True

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26
Q

Where do the brachial plexus nerve roots originate?

A

C5-T1 and they emerge between the anterior and middle scalene muscles

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27
Q

What are the sections of the brachial plexus from proximal to distal?

A

Roots/rami, trunks, divisions, cords, branches

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28
Q

Which nerve roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5 + C6

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29
Q

Which nerve roots form the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C7

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30
Q

Which nerve roots form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C8 + T1

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31
Q

The lateral cord’s terminal branch (main branch) is the…

A

musculocutaneous n.

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32
Q

The medial cord’s terminal branch (main branch) is the…

A

Ulnar n.

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33
Q

A branch of both the lateral and medial cord form together to make the…

A

Median n.

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34
Q

What are supraclavicular branches? List them

A

smaller nerves that branch off the nerves proximal to the clavicle

  • Dorsal scapular n.
  • Suprascapular n.
  • Long thoracic n.
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35
Q

Which infraclavicular nerve comes off the lateral branch?

A

Lateral pectoral n.

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36
Q

Which infraclavicular nerves comes off the medial branch?

A
  • Medial antebrachial n.
  • Brachial cutaneous n.
  • Medial pectoral n.
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37
Q

Which infraclavicular nerves comes off the posterior branch?

A
  • Upper subscapular n.
  • Lower subscapular n.
  • Thoracodorsal n.
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38
Q

Which nerve innervates the lats?

A

Thoracodorsal n.

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39
Q

Which nerves innervate the subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

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40
Q

Which nerve innervates the teres major?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

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41
Q

Which nerve innervates the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic n.

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42
Q

Which nerve innervates the levator scap and rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapular n.

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43
Q

Which terminal nerve branch originates from C5-C7, pierces the coracobrachialis, runs deep to biceps, but superficial to brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve

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44
Q

Which terminal nerve branch originates from C6-T1 and innervates the anterior compartment muscles of the forearm except for 2 of them?

A

Median nerve

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45
Q

Which terminal nerve branch originates from C8-T1 innervates the other 2 muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Ulnar nerve

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46
Q

Which terminal nerve branch originates from C5-C6 and enters the posterior arm via the quadrangular space to innervate the deltoid and teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve

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47
Q

Which terminal nerve originates from C5-T1 and innervates all of the forearm extensor muscles?

A

Radial nerve

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48
Q

Which nerve root does the axillary nerve root originate at?

A

C5-C6

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49
Q

Which nerve root does the radial nerve originate at?

A

C5-T1

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50
Q

Which nerve root does the musculocutaneous nerve originate at?

A

C5-C7

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51
Q

Which nerve root does the median nerve originate at?

A

C6-T1

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52
Q

Which nerve root does the ulnar nerve originate at?

A

C8-T1

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53
Q

Which nerves comes off of C5 alone?

A
  • Dorsal scapular n.
  • Suprascapular n.
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54
Q

Which nerve comes off of the lateral cord?

A
  • Lateral pectoral n.
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55
Q

Which nerve comes off of C5, C6, C7?

A
  • Long thoracic n.
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56
Q

Which nerves come off the posterior cord?

A
  • Upper subscapular n.
  • Lower subscapular n.
  • Thoracodorsal n.
  • Radial n.
  • Axillary n.
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57
Q

Which nerves come off of the medial cord?

A
  • Medial pectoral n.
  • Medial antebrachial n.
  • Brachial cutaneous n.
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58
Q

The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the…

A

Acromion

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59
Q

The medial end of the clavicle articulates with the…

A

Manubrium of the sternum

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60
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular (sc) joint?

A

Saddle

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61
Q

What is the conoid tubercle? Where is it? Which ligament attaches to it?

A

It is a small projection on the posterior/lateral clavicle that faces posterior and inferior

Conoid ligament attaches to it

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62
Q

What is the trapezoid line? Where is it located? What attaches here?

A

Lateral to the conoid tubercle, runs forward/lateral

Attachment: trapezoid ligament

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63
Q

The conoid and trapezoid ligaments together are called…

A

Coracoclavicular ligament

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64
Q

T or F? The scapula and humerus are hung on the clavicle

A

True

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65
Q

What are the functions of the clavicle?

A
  • Allow the scapula and humerus to move more freely and increase range of motion
  • Transmit forces to the center of the body
66
Q

T or F? The anterior surface of the scapula articulates with the ribs?

A

True

67
Q

T or F? The glenoid cavity of the scapula articulates with the humerus?

A

True

68
Q

T or F? The acromion articulates with the clavicle?

A

True

69
Q

Which muscles attach to the coracoid process?

A
  • Pec minor
  • coracobrachialis
  • biceps brachii
70
Q

Which muscle sits in the subscapular fossa?

A

Subscapularis

71
Q

The spine of the scapula aligns with which spinal level?

A

T3

72
Q

Which muscle sits in the supraspinous fossa?

A

Supraspinatus

73
Q

Which muscle sits in the infraspinous fossa?

A

Infraspinatus

74
Q

Which type of acromion curve is most common?

A

Type 2 (curved)

75
Q

Which type of acromion curve is most common with rotator cuff injuries?

A

Type 3 (hooked)

76
Q

Which type of acromion curve is the most rare?

A

Type 1 (flat)

77
Q

Which bursa sits below the acromion and between the humeral head?

A

Subacromial bursa

78
Q

Which muscle tendon runs right below the acromion?

A

Supraspinatus tendon

79
Q

The scapular plane is about _____ degrees anterior to the frontal plane

A

35

80
Q

Where is the anatomical neck of humerus? Where is the surgical neck of humerus?

A

Anatomical neck: immediately lateral to humeral head

Surgical neck: more distal than anatomical neck (located on proximal part of humeral shaft)

81
Q

Which which tubercle/tuberosity of the humerus sits more lateral? Medial?

A

Lateral: greater tubercle

Medial: lesser tubercle

82
Q

Which muscles attach to the greater tubercle?

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor

83
Q

Which muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis

84
Q

Which groove/sulcus sits between the greater and lesser tubercles?

A

Intertubercular sulcus (also called the bicipital groove)

85
Q

Where can you find the deltoid tubercle?

A

Distal/inferior end of the groove (middle of humerus)

86
Q

Which neck of the humerus is weaker? Anatomical or surgical?

A

Surgical neck

87
Q

Which structures run posterior to the surgical neck of the humerus?

A
  • Axillary nerve
  • posterior humeral circumflex arteries
88
Q

Humeral head faces which direction? How many degrees of retroversion does it take to align in the scapular plane?

A

Medial and superior

30 degrees

89
Q

T or F? The glenoid cavity is very shallow

A

True

90
Q

What are the 4 joints of the shoulder?

A
  • Sternoclavicular (SC) joint
  • Acromioclavocular (AC) joint
  • Scapulothoracic (ST) joint
  • Glenohumeral (GH) joint
91
Q

T or F? The SC joint is a synovial joint

A

True

92
Q

Which 5 motions can the sternoclavicular (SC) joint perform?

A

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, posterior rotation

93
Q

Which 6 motions occur at the AC joint?

A

Upward rotation, downward rotation, anterior tilt, posterior tilt, internal rotation, external rotation

94
Q

Which muscle provides stability between the scapulothoracic joint?

A

Serratus anterior

95
Q

What are the 4 motions of the scapula?

A

Elevation, depression, protraction, retraction

96
Q

What type of joint is the GH joint?

A

Ball and socket (synovial)

97
Q

How much of the humeral head fits into the glenoid cavity?

A

1/3 of it

98
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

Fibrocartilagenous ring that surrounds the glenoid fossa

99
Q

How many layers to a capsule?

A

2; fibrous and synovial

100
Q

T or F? The GH joint capsule covers both the anatomical neck of humerus and glenoid/labrum

A

True

101
Q

What is the empty space inferior to the GH joint called? What is its function?

A

Axillary pouch; allows the humeral head to shift inferiorly during abduction

102
Q

What is a communicating bursa?

A

A bursa that is located adjacent to a joint and shares the same synovial fluid

103
Q

Which of the following is a communicating bursa? Subscapular bursa or subscromial bursa?

A

Subscapular bursa

Subacromial bursa is a non-communicating bursa

104
Q

T or F? The GH capsule is thicker on the anterior and superior regions, along with between the greater and lesser tubercles

A

True

105
Q

Which ligaments make the anterior part of the GH capsule thick?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments

106
Q

Which ligaments make the superior part of the GH capsule thick?

A

Coracohumeral ligament

107
Q

Which ligament make the space between the greater and lesser tubercles thick?

A

Transverse humeral ligament

108
Q

What is another name for the coraco-acromial ligament?

A

Coraco-acromial arch

109
Q

What is the main function of the coraco-acromial ligament?

A

Provide protection to the humeral head as shoulder abduction occurs

110
Q

Which 3 structures pass beneath the coraco-acromial ligament?

A

Biceps long head tendon, supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa

111
Q

Which structures make up the boundaries of the triangular space?

A
  • long head of triceps
  • teres major
  • teres minor + subscapularis
112
Q

Which structures make up the borders of the quadrangular space?

A
  • Inferior margin of teres minor / subscapularis
  • Surgical neck of humerus
  • Superior margin of teres major
  • Lateral margin of long head of triceps
113
Q

Which structures make up the boundaries of the triangular interval?

A
  • Lateral margin of long head of triceps
  • Shaft of humerus
  • Inferior margin of teres major
114
Q

Where does the upper trap originate and insert?

A

Origin: Occiput + nuchal ligament
Insertion: Posterior lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion

115
Q

Where does the middle trap originate and insert?

A

Origin: Spinous processes of T1-T4
Insertion: Medial border of acromion

116
Q

Where does the lower trap originate and insert?

A

Origin: Spinous processes of T5-T12
Insertion: Inferior middle part of scapular spine

117
Q

Which actions does the trapezius perform?

A

Upper: Elevation + upward rotation
Middle: Retraction
Lower: Depression + upward rotation

118
Q

Which artery supplies the trapezius? nerve?

A

Blood supply: Transverse cervical artery

Innervation: Spinal accessory (CN XI)

119
Q

Where does the latissimus dorsi originate and insert?

A

Origin: Spinous process of T7-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, Iliac crest, lower ribs

Insertion: Medial intertubercular sulcus

120
Q

Which actions does the latissimus dorsi perform?

A

Adduction, internal rotation, extension of humerus

121
Q

Which artery supplies the latissimus dorsi? nerve?

A

Blood Supply: Thoracodorsal artery
Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6,C7,C8 posterior cord)

122
Q

Where does the levator scapula originate and insert?

A

Origin: Transverse processes of C1-C4
Insert: Superior medial border of scapula

123
Q

Which actions does the levator scapula perform

A

Elevation, downward rotation of scapula

124
Q

Which artery supplies the levator scapula? nerve?

A

Blood Supply: Dorsal scapular artery (has 3 branches)
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

125
Q

Where does the rhomboid minor originate and insert?

A

Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T1
Insertion: Root of scapular spine

126
Q

What actions does the rhomboid minor perform?

A

Elevation, retraction, downward rotation of scapula

127
Q

Which artery supplies the rhomboid minor? nerve?

A

Blood Supply: Dorsal scapular artery
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

128
Q

Where does the rhomboid major originate and insert?

A

Origin: Spinous processes T2-T5
Insertion: Medial border of scapula

129
Q

What actions does the rhomboid major perform?

A

Elevation, retraction, downward rotation of scapula

130
Q

Which artery supplies the rhomboid major? nerve?

A

Blood supply: Dorsal scapular artery
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

131
Q

T or F? The posterior rotator cuff muscles attach to the greater tubercle while the anterior rotator cuff muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle

A

True

132
Q

Where does the supraspinatus originate and insert?

A

Origin: Supraspinous process
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

133
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatus?

A

Abduction after 30 degrees

134
Q

Which artery supplies the supraspinatus? nerve?

A

Blood Supply: Suprascapular artery
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

135
Q

Where does the infraspinatus originate and insert?

A

Origin: Infraspinous fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

136
Q

What is the action of the infraspinatus?

A

External rotation, GHJ stability

137
Q

Which artery supplies the infraspinatus? nerve?

A

Blood supply: Suprascapular artery
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve

138
Q

Where does the teres minor originate and insert?

A

Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of humerus

139
Q

What is the action of the teres minor?

A

External rotation, GHJ stability

140
Q

Which artery supplies the teres minor? nerve?

A

Blood Supply: Posterior circumflex humeral artery, circumflex scapular artery
Innervation: Axillary nerve

141
Q

Where does the subscapularis originate and insert?

A

Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus

142
Q

What action does the subscapularis perform?

A

GHJ internal rotation

143
Q

Which artery supplies the subscapularis? nerve?

A

Blood Supply: Subscapular artery
Innervation: Superior subscapular nerves, inferior subscapular nerves

144
Q

Which structure marks the point in which the brachial plexus divisions divide

A

Clavicle

145
Q

Which structure divides the subclavian artery into 3 parts?

A

Anterior scalene

146
Q

Which structure divides the axillary artery into 3 parts?

A

Pec minor

147
Q

Which structure creates the boundaries of the 3 parts of the subclavian artery?

A

anterior scalene (Lateral 1st rib marks the transition between the 3rd part of the subclavian, and the first part of axillary artery

148
Q

Which arteries come off of the first part of the subclavian?

A

Vertebral artery, internal thoracic, thyrocervical trunk

149
Q

The subclavian gives off which arteries to the upper extremities?

A

suprascapular artery, dorsal scapular artery

150
Q

Which artery comes off the third part of the subclavian?

A

Dorsal scapular artery

151
Q

What structures make up the boundaries of the axillary artery?

A

1st part:
- Lateral border of first rib
- Superior border of pec minor

2nd part:
- Superior border of pec minor
- Inferior border of pec minor

3rd part:
- Inferior border of pec minor
- Inferior border of teres major

152
Q

Which arteries come off each part of the axillary?

A

1st Part:
- Superior thoracic artery

2nd Part:
- Thoracoacromial trunk
- Lateral thoracic artery

3rd Part:
- Subscapular artery
- Anterior circumflex humeral artery
- Posterior circumflex humeral artery

153
Q

Which nerve pierces through the pec minor and major?

A

Medial pectoral nerve

154
Q

The axis of rotation for the scapula is where?

A

AC joint

155
Q

T or F? The middle trap is only responsible for scapular retraction?

A

True

156
Q

Which nerve comes off the trunk of C5-C6?

A

Suprascapular n.

157
Q

Which arteries come off the thyrocervical trunk?

A

Suprascapular artery, Transverse cervical artery

158
Q

Which arteries come off the subscapular artery?

A

Thoracodorsal artery, Circumflex scapular

159
Q

What is the primary function of the quadratus plantae?

A

Correct the line of pull of the Flexor Digitorum Longus

160
Q

T or F? The subscapular bursa is a communicating bursa (shares synovial fluid with joint)

A

True

161
Q

T or F? The long head biceps tendon contains synovial fluid

A

True

162
Q

Which structures pass below the coracoacromial arch?

A

Long head of biceps tendon, subacromial bursa, supraspinatus

163
Q

T or F? The supraspinatus is responsible for the first 30 degrees of GH abduction, followed by action from the deltoid

A

True

Fall 2024: Anatomy 2 (9 decks)

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