Final Exam (Gait) Flashcards
Which two phases are considered the “markers” of the gait cycle?
- Initial contact: the moment when the foot hits the ground
- Push off: the moment when the foot is off the ground
T or F? Cycle time is typically 1 second
True
When does the stance phase begin and end?
Begin: Initial contact
End: Toe off
(accounts for 60% of the gait cycle)
When does the swing phase begin and end?
Begin: Toe off
End: Next initial contact
(accounts for 40% of the gait cycle)
When does the loading response begin and end?
Begin: Initial contact
End: Toe off ground (of opposite leg)
When does the mid and terminal stance phase begin and end?
Begin: Toe off of the opposite leg
End: Initial contact (of opposite leg)
When does the pre swing phase begin and end?
Begin: Heel contact (of opposite leg)
End: Toe off
Which 3 rockers are used in the stance phase?
Heel rocker, Ankle rocker, Forefoot rocker
Which tasks occur during initial swing?
Task: Ground clearance and leg acceleration
Which tasks occur during midswing?
Task: Transition from leg acceleration to leg deceleration
Which tasks occur during terminal swing?
Task: Prepare for landing
T or F? Terminal stance is NOT the last part of the stance phase, pre swing is
TRUE
What is a “step”? “stride”?
Step: Initial contact of one foot to initial contact of the opposite foot (50% of a stride)
Stride: Initial contact of reference limb to the next initial contact of reference limb
List the temporal gait cycle parameters
Cycle time: 1 second
Stance time: 60% of gait cycle
Swing time: 40% of gait cycle
Step time: 50% of gait cycle
Cadence: 110 steps per minute
List the 3 components of spatial gait parameters
- Stride length
- Step length
- Step width
T or F? 2-3mph is normal gait speed
True
List the speeds of gait and what they mean
<.4mph: Severe gait impairment
.4mph: Household ambulator
.4-.8mph: Limited community ambulator
>.8mph: Full community ambulator
If a patient has a fear of falling, he/she may compensate by doing what?
- Reduce single-limb support period
- Prolonged double limb support period
- Reduced speed
- Reduced step/stride length
T or F? Peak hip flexion is reached at the end of midswing
True
Which phase of the gait cycle is knee flexion at its peak?
Swing phase
Describe the hip position during the stance and swing phases
Stance Phase: Adduction, ASIS goes up, external rotation (late stance phase)
Swing Phase: Abduction, ASIS goes down, internal rotation
(Note: Torso shifts towards stance leg)
At which phase of the gait cycle does hip flexion and extension reach its peak
Peak Hip Flexion:
- End of mid-swing
Peak Hip Extension:
- Terminal stance
T or F? Knee flexion couples with knee internal rotation while knee extension couples with knee external rotation
True
Describe the foot’s contact postion/movement during gait
Inversion at initial contact, eversion during early stance phase, inversion during late stance phase
Describe the locked and unlocked position of the midtarsal joint
Locked: Joint is inverted and creates rigidity, allowing for a smooth “push off”
Unlocked: Joint is everted and allows for good shock absorption
During the stance phase, the femur/tibia movement is primarily driven by the ________. During the swing phase, the femur/tibia movement is primarily driven by the ________.
Ankle
Hip
Describe the transverse plane movement of the femur/tibia during the early vs late stance phase
Early stance phase:
- Femur/Tibia IR
(ankle eversion)
Late stance phase:
- Femur/Tibia ER
(ankle inversion)
T or F? Peak extension of the 1st MTP occurs during pre swing
True
When is ground reaction force at its peak?
- Push off (Pre-swing)
- Weight acceptance (loading phase)
T or F? Ground reaction force always moves medial
True
Describe ground reaction force
- Magnitude is equal to the net force acting on the COM
- Direction is opposite to the net force vector (COP to COM)
