Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Applied Physiology > Quiz #1: ANS (10) > Flashcards

Quiz #1: ANS (10) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functional classes of neurons?

A
  1. afferent neurons
  2. interneuron
  3. efferent neuron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Skeletal muscles are innervated by what type of neurons?

A

motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the parts that make up the autonomic nervous system?

A
  1. sympathetic
  2. parasympathetic
  3. enteric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the organization of the ANS?

A

Pathway of 2 neurons (pre/postganglionic) and 2 synapses
Ganglion: cluster of neuronal cell bodies outside of CNS (where you can find the second neuron of ANS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the cell body of the preganglionic neuron found?

A

CNS (brain/spinal cord)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is the cell body of the postganglionic neuron found?

A

autonomic ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is collateral ganglia?

A

aka prevertebral ganglia
when the preganglionic fiber does NOT synapse to the postganglionic fiber in the sympathetic chain
instead form synapse in the collateral ganglia
innervate viscera (INTERNAL ORGANS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A
  • preganglionic fibers original from lateral horn of the T1-L2 spinal cord (SHORT)
  • postganglionic fiber found in sympathetic ganglia chain/trunk (LONG)
  • exceptions: some sympathetic ganglionic neurons found in prevertebral ganglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the pathway involving the first synapse (between pre/postganglionic fiber)?

A
  1. Action potential comes down presynaptic fiber to terminal
  2. open calcium channel for depolarization
  3. triggers release of ACh (NT)
  4. goes to cleft and binds to ACh receptors on postsynaptic cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is ChAT and what does it do?

A

choline acetyltransferase
synthesis of ACh
choline + acetyl CoA = ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the pathway involving the second synapse (between postganglionic fiber/effector organ)?

A
  1. Action potential comes down postsynaptic fiber to terminal
  2. open calcium channel for depolarization
  3. triggers release of NE (NT)
  4. NE bind to receptors on effector organs OR diffuse into blood OR exogenous uptake (not through receptors) OR reuptake
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is ACh synthesized?

A

At presynaptic cell terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the sympathetic preganglionic neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is AChE and what does it do?

A

Acetylcholinesterase
breaks down ACh to choline +acetic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter?

A

Norepinephrine (NE) or Noradrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is NE synthesized?

A

At presynaptic postganglionic cell terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is dopamine?

A

intermediate product in production of norepinephrine
Tyr –> dopamine –> NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the role of tyrosine in the postganglionic fiber?

A

Precursor to NE
starting material
Tyr –> dopamine –> NE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is epinephrine?

A

Adrenaline
NOT a NT in the ANS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is epinephrine derived from?

A

Norepinephrine (NE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The adrenal medulla can be classified as a(n) ____________ organ, as it gets innervated to release epinephrine.

A

effector

17
Q

Where is epinephrine synthesized for the ANS?

A

Adrenal medulla of the adrenal gland
NOT from the postganglionic neuron terminal

18
Q

Where is epinephrine synthesized for the CNS?

A

neuron terminal

19
Q

Where is epinephrine released?

A

into the blood
that is how it gets to the target organ receptors

20
Q

What are adrenergic receptors?

A

receptors for adrenaline (epinephrine/NE)
ALL are G-protein coupled receptors

20
Q

What is adrenergic receptor α1?

A

most popular type of adrenergic receptor α1
effector is most sympathetic target tissue + most arteries
greater affinity for NE than E
activates IP2-Ca2+ pathway
EXCITATORY

21
Q

What is adrenergic receptor α2?

A

greater affinity for NE than E
effector is digestive organs
inhibit cAMP
Ex. control gastric acid
INHIBITORY

22
Q

What is adrenergic receptor β1?

A

for the heart
equal affinity for NE/E
activate cAMP
EXCITATORY

23
Q

What is adrenergic receptor β2?

A

for the smooth muscle of arterioles and bronchioles
activate cAMP
INHIBITORY

24
Q

When the sympathetic NS is activated, what is the effect on the artery/arterioles respectively? Why are the effects similar/different?

A

artery:
- receptor type: α1
- vasoconstriction
- blood pressure increase
arterioles:
- receptor type: β2
- vasodilation
- blood pressure decrease
** different bc different receptors **

24
Q

Sympathetic activation is also known as ________________.

A

Fight and Flight/Fright
exercise, heart failure, hemorrhage, pain, emotional stress or excitement, etc

25
Q

What is mydriasis?

A

Dilation of the pupils in response to fight and flight response

26
Q

What are the receptors for the sweat gland?

A

cholinergic receptors
exception to sympathetic chain synapse

27
Q

Where does the preganglionic parasympathetic NS originate from?

A

cranial nerve in brain (CN III, VII, IX, X) and sacral regions (S2, S3, S4) of spinal cord
LONG

28
Q

Where are the postganglionic parasympathetic NS located in?

A

Terminal ganglia
SHORT

29
Q

What are the cranial nerves we need to know?

A

CN III (3)
CN VII (7)
CN IX (9)
CN X (10) - Vagus nerve

30
Q

What is the parasympathetic preganglionic neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)
same as postganglionic

31
Q

What is the parasympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)
same as preganglionic

32
Q

What are the type of receptors for the parasympathetic system?

A
  1. nicotinic
  2. muscarinic
33
Q

What are muscarinic receptors?

A

activated by ACh
EXCITATORY OR INHIBITORY
autonomic postganglionic fibers
effector: cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
mechanism: activates many G-protein coupled receptor pathways
usually mediates Na+/K+ influx for depolarization/hyperpolarization –> excitation/inhibition

33
Q

Another name for the parasymapthetic system is _____________.

A

rest and digest

34
Q

What are nicotinic receptors?

A

activated by ACh or nicotine
EXCITATORY
autonomic preganglionic fibers
effector: all autonomic postganglionic cell bodies/adrenal medulla
mechanism: opens nonspecific cation receptor-channels
usually mediates Na+/K+ influx for depolarization –> excitation

35
Q

What is miosis?

A

pupil constriction during parasympathetic activation

36
Q

What is the dual innervation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system?

A

when innervated by both sympathetic/parasympathetic
for MOST visceral organs

36
Q

Which visceral organs are sympathetic only?

A

kidney
adrenal glands
sweat glands
blood vessels

37
Q

What is the enteric nervous system innervated by?

A

Myenteric plexus (Auerbach’s)
Submucosal plexus (Meissner’s)

37
Q

What is the enteric NS?

A

Sensory information from digestive organs
brain in the gut

37
Q

What is an agonist?

A

Something that mimics neurotransmitter response

38
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Blocks the neurotransmitter response

39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The enteric system function independently of the CNS

A

TRUE

40
Q

What is the ANS regulated by?

A
  1. Medulla
    • center for control
    • cardiovascular
    • respiratory
    • digestive
  2. Hypothalamus
    • integrating ANS
    • somatic/endocrine system to achieve homeostasis
  3. Cortex
    • emotion
    • personality
    • learning

Applied Physiology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions