Quiz #1 Flashcards
What is speech?
1) a pattern of movements (face, mouth)
2) a pattern of acoustic vibrations (Hand in front of mouth or on throat)
3) The conversion of language to sound – speech is the motor production of the language system
4) Record the acoustic signal to observe the frequencies
What is sound?
- An invisible disturbance of air, water or solid
- It has no mass or weight
What is articulation?
Movement of vocal tract
- Shape sounds - Make changes and posturing to make sounds
What are allophones?
Slightly different production of the sound. People who have trouble with aspiration have issues with allophones
- Say the word "pop"= first /p/ Comes out with more air then the second /p/
What is simple harmonic motion?
It’s a simple sine wave.
How molecules are moving. How we send sound through the air.
What is prosody?
Rhythm and tonal patterns
What is phonation?
-Ability to make sound via your vocal folds coming together and vibrating
- Production of sound in larynx
- No vibration = no sound
- Whisper has slight vibration
Where does articulation occur?
Mouth, jaw, lips, tongue
Where does phonation occur?
- Trachea
- Larynx
- Vocal folds
What is pragmatics?
Language used in social situations
Where does resonance happen?
- Pharyngeal cavity
- Oral cavity
- Nasal cavity
What is Phonetics?
How sounds are produced and perceived. Analysis of the sounds and their uniqueness
What lives in the larynx?
Vocal folds
What is the purpose of the systems of language?
The six systems come together to create a dynamic, flexible system in our minds
Where does respiration begin?
Lungs
What is a common medium for sound to travel through?
Air molecules
What are the systems of language?
PMSSPP
- Phonology
- Morphology
- Semantics
- Syntax
- Pragmatics
- Prosody
What is morphology?
Word structure
What is resonance?
Vibratory response to a force
-Resonance happens before articulation. Vibration has to occur before movement and sounds are formed
Phonetic terms are…
- phonemes
- Allophones
- IPA
What is inertia?
The tendency for motion or lack of motion to continue
What is the larynx made up?
Cartlidge
What is language?
- It’s cognitive
- A ruled governed communication system composed of meaningful elements that can be combined to create novel phrases.
Meaningful elements = words people understand
What is velocity?
The speed of an object
What is acceleration?
The rate of change in velocity
What occurs during a simple harmonic motion cycle?
- Force
- Elasticity
- maximum displacement/ zero velocity
- acceleration
- Inertia is at max at resting point
- elasticity
- maximum displacement/ zero velocity
- Acceleration
- Inertia is at max at resting point
- Damping
What is prosody?
Inflection- Rate, stress patterns, intonation, pauses
What is force?
Something that set something in motion
What other forms of language are there besides sound?
- Sign language
- Written
- Picture identification system
What is syntax?
Order/sentence structure
What is IPA?
International phonetic alphabet
-The alphabet is used to represent the sound system
What is semantics?
Meaning/word knowledge
What is acoustics?
- The study of sound
- Speech is a continuously changing stream of sound
- Monotone
- One sound
What is needed for sound?
1) . Energy or vibrating source/force
2) Disturbance
3) Medium for travel (air)
4) must be audible
What is the speech production system?
RPRAP
- Respiration
- phonation
- Resonance
- Articulation
- Prosody
What is respiration?
Air
What is damping?
Decreasing amplitude displacement over time.
What is phonology?
The sound system of language
Is communication static?
No. Terms change
What are phonemes?
- Family of sounds.
- The smallest unit of sound.
- Meaningful by themselves, they affect overall meaning
Pat vs bat
What is elasticity?
The restoring force that causes an elastic medium to bounce back when stretched or displaced
What is frequency?
The number of completed cycles per second. It is measured in Hz.
What is a period?
How is it measured?
The time it takes for one cycle to be completed.
Measured in milliseconds (ms)
What is speech dependent on?
Speech production system
What is a speech sound source?
- Vibration of our vocal folds
What are the two waves that are talked about when referring to sound
- Longitudinal wave
- Transverse waves
What is a longitudinal wave? Where are longitudinal soundwaves found?
Particles that moves in the same direction as the wave moves. Soundwaves are longitudinal in both air and liquid
What is a transverse waves?
Particles that move at right angles to the waves (up & down). An example is dropping a pebble into water
What is compression?
Air molecules close together as a sound wave moves. High air pressure
What is rarefaction?
Air molecules far apart as a sound wave moves. Low air pressure
What creates a pressure wave?
Compression and rarefaction
For a waveform what is on the X and Y axis?
X = time
Y = amplitude
What is a pressure wave?
Sound.
Back-and-forth vibration of particles of the medium through which the soundwave is moving.
Repeating pattern
