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Fall '12- Phonetics exam #1 > Quiz #1 > Flashcards

Quiz #1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is speech?

A

1) a pattern of movements (face, mouth)
2) a pattern of acoustic vibrations (Hand in front of mouth or on throat)
3) The conversion of language to sound – speech is the motor production of the language system
4) Record the acoustic signal to observe the frequencies

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2
Q

What is sound?

A
  • An invisible disturbance of air, water or solid

- It has no mass or weight

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3
Q

What is articulation?

A

Movement of vocal tract

 - Shape sounds
 - Make changes and posturing to make sounds
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4
Q

What are allophones?

A

Slightly different production of the sound. People who have trouble with aspiration have issues with allophones

  - Say the word "pop"= first /p/ Comes out with more air then the second /p/
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5
Q

What is simple harmonic motion?

A

It’s a simple sine wave.

How molecules are moving. How we send sound through the air.

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6
Q

What is prosody?

A

Rhythm and tonal patterns

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7
Q

What is phonation?

A

-Ability to make sound via your vocal folds coming together and vibrating

  • Production of sound in larynx
    • No vibration = no sound
    • Whisper has slight vibration
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8
Q

Where does articulation occur?

A

Mouth, jaw, lips, tongue

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9
Q

Where does phonation occur?

A
  • Trachea
  • Larynx
  • Vocal folds
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10
Q

What is pragmatics?

A

Language used in social situations

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11
Q

Where does resonance happen?

A
  • Pharyngeal cavity
  • Oral cavity
  • Nasal cavity
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12
Q

What is Phonetics?

A

How sounds are produced and perceived. Analysis of the sounds and their uniqueness

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13
Q

What lives in the larynx?

A

Vocal folds

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the systems of language?

A

The six systems come together to create a dynamic, flexible system in our minds

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15
Q

Where does respiration begin?

A

Lungs

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16
Q

What is a common medium for sound to travel through?

A

Air molecules

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17
Q

What are the systems of language?

A

PMSSPP

  • Phonology
  • Morphology
  • Semantics
  • Syntax
  • Pragmatics
  • Prosody
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18
Q

What is morphology?

A

Word structure

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19
Q

What is resonance?

A

Vibratory response to a force

  -Resonance happens before articulation. Vibration has to occur before movement and sounds are formed
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20
Q

Phonetic terms are…

A
  • phonemes
  • Allophones
  • IPA
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21
Q

What is inertia?

A

The tendency for motion or lack of motion to continue

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22
Q

What is the larynx made up?

A

Cartlidge

23
Q

What is language?

A
  • It’s cognitive
  • A ruled governed communication system composed of meaningful elements that can be combined to create novel phrases.

Meaningful elements = words people understand

24
Q

What is velocity?

A

The speed of an object

25
Q

What is acceleration?

A

The rate of change in velocity

26
Q

What occurs during a simple harmonic motion cycle?

A
  • Force
  • Elasticity
  • maximum displacement/ zero velocity
  • acceleration
  • Inertia is at max at resting point
  • elasticity
  • maximum displacement/ zero velocity
  • Acceleration
  • Inertia is at max at resting point
  • Damping
27
Q

What is prosody?

A

Inflection- Rate, stress patterns, intonation, pauses

28
Q

What is force?

A

Something that set something in motion

29
Q

What other forms of language are there besides sound?

A
  • Sign language
  • Written
  • Picture identification system
30
Q

What is syntax?

A

Order/sentence structure

31
Q

What is IPA?

A

International phonetic alphabet

-The alphabet is used to represent the sound system

32
Q

What is semantics?

A

Meaning/word knowledge

33
Q

What is acoustics?

A
  • The study of sound
  • Speech is a continuously changing stream of sound
    • Monotone
    • One sound
34
Q

What is needed for sound?

A

1) . Energy or vibrating source/force
2) Disturbance
3) Medium for travel (air)
4) must be audible

35
Q

What is the speech production system?

A

RPRAP

  • Respiration
  • phonation
  • Resonance
  • Articulation
  • Prosody
36
Q

What is respiration?

A

Air

37
Q

What is damping?

A

Decreasing amplitude displacement over time.

38
Q

What is phonology?

A

The sound system of language

39
Q

Is communication static?

A

No. Terms change

40
Q

What are phonemes?

A
  • Family of sounds.
  • The smallest unit of sound.
  • Meaningful by themselves, they affect overall meaning

Pat vs bat

41
Q

What is elasticity?

A

The restoring force that causes an elastic medium to bounce back when stretched or displaced

42
Q

What is frequency?

A

The number of completed cycles per second. It is measured in Hz.

43
Q

What is a period?

How is it measured?

A

The time it takes for one cycle to be completed.

Measured in milliseconds (ms)

44
Q

What is speech dependent on?

A

Speech production system

45
Q

What is a speech sound source?

A
  • Vibration of our vocal folds
46
Q

What are the two waves that are talked about when referring to sound

A
  • Longitudinal wave

- Transverse waves

47
Q

What is a longitudinal wave? Where are longitudinal soundwaves found?

A

Particles that moves in the same direction as the wave moves. Soundwaves are longitudinal in both air and liquid

48
Q

What is a transverse waves?

A

Particles that move at right angles to the waves (up & down). An example is dropping a pebble into water

49
Q

What is compression?

A

Air molecules close together as a sound wave moves. High air pressure

50
Q

What is rarefaction?

A

Air molecules far apart as a sound wave moves. Low air pressure

51
Q

What creates a pressure wave?

A

Compression and rarefaction

52
Q

For a waveform what is on the X and Y axis?

A

X = time

Y = amplitude

53
Q

What is a pressure wave?

A

Sound.

Back-and-forth vibration of particles of the medium through which the soundwave is moving.

Repeating pattern

Fall '12- Phonetics exam #1 (5 decks)

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