Quiz 1 Flashcards
Date collected from a case control study shows that 198 patients with no atherosclerosis reported absence of family history for any form of dyslipidemia and 125 patients with a similar disease status reported a positive family history. Another 60 patients with atherosclerosis showed a positive family history for dyslipidemia and 18 of them didn’t show a positive family history. This means that the odds of having a family history of dyslipidemia is _________ time higher for those with atherosclerosis as opposed to those without atherosclerosis.
2.1
22.9
Can’t be determined
5.3
0.189
5.3
Hydrostatic pressure is the primary driving force of plasma through the filtration membrane into the capsular space. All but one of the following statements reflects why hydrostatic pressure is so high in the glomerular capillaries. Select the one statement that does not explain the high pressure within the glomerular capillaries.
The efferent arteriole has higher resistance to blood flow than the afferent arteriole.
The flow of blood is reduced as blood reaches the efferent arteriole.
The diameter of the efferent arteriole is smaller than the afferent arteriole.
The volume of plasma in the efferent arteriole is higher when compared to the afferent arteriole.
The volume of plasma in the efferent arteriole is higher when compared to the afferent arteriole.
Decreased blood flow to the kidney can result in activation of a cascade that aims to constrict blood vessels and retain water by retaining sodium. This cascade of events relies on a key enzyme in order for the event to proceed forward. The name of the enzyme is Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE). This enzyme is found:
Endothelial cells
Liver
Suprarenal gland
Kidney
Endothelial cells
During lipid metabolism, a chylomicron leaves the intestine. The chylomicron must acquire an apolipoprotein in order to activate the enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL). What is the source of apolipoprotein, the type of apolipoprotein and what happens to the chylomicron after it completes activating LPL?
Type of apolipoprotein
Source of apolipoprotein
Fate of chylomicron following LPL activation
A.
B100
HDL
Chylomicron Remnant
B.
B48
HDL
IDL
C.
CII
LDL
Chylomicron Remnant
D.
CII
HDL
Chylomicron Remnant
E.
B100
LDL
IDL
D
A 43-year-old man presents with intermittent claudication, particularly during periods of exercise. His lipid profile analysis reveals a cholesterol level of 350 mg/dl and a high LDL/HDL ratio. He reports a positive family history of similar problems on his paternal side of the family. He is given a referral to a dietician for diet modifications and a prescription for a drug called atorvastatin. The anticholesterolemic action of atorvastatin is based on its effectiveness as a competitive inhibitor of the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. Which of the following is produced by the effect of the enzyme?
Lanosterol
Squalene
Mevalonate
Methylmalonate
Mevalonate
