Module 8: Counselling Overview Learning Outcomes

Question 1

Recognize the importance of behavioural change strategies in CVD prevention/management.

Answer 1

a

Question 2

Discuss the role of counselling in CVD prevention/management

Answer 2

Counselling has 3 main duties in the prevention and management of CVD:

1. Education
   - On disease, how risk factors impact disease, how to manage risk factors/symptoms/lifestyle
2. Awareness
   - Of disease status, risk of disease, risk factors, lifestyle behaviours
3. Behavioural changes
   - Facilitate change in attitudes and behaviours in order to reduce risks

Question 3

Identify different counselling theories

Answer 3

Social cognitive behavioural theory
Motivational interviewing
Transtheoretical model of change (stages of change)
Feminist
Humanistic
Existential

Question 4

Define commonly used methods of behavioural change counselling and how these methods may be used to initiate behavioural change.

Answer 4

a

Question 5

Describe the basis of social cognitive theory for behavioural change

Answer 5

a

Question 6

Define self-efficacy and its importance to social cognitive theory

Answer 6

• self efficacy is one’s confidence in themselves to perform a particular action
• self efficacy is intrinsic to social cognitive theory
• it provides foundation for human motivation, well-being, and personal accomplishment

Question 7

Identify the environment and experiences involved in shaping self-efficacy

Answer 7

a

Question 8

Why is self-efficacy important in social cognitive theory?

Answer 8

a

Question 9

How is self-efficacy built?

Answer 9

• Knowledge, skills and previous experience with tasks influence self-efficacy
• > These will influence what people choose to and not to do

Self-efficacy is built on four sources:

1. Mastery experience
2. Vicarious experience
3. Social persuasions
4. Somatic and emotional states

Question 10

Describe the five components of motivational interviewing.

Answer 10

1. Express empathy
2. Develop discrepancy
3. Avoid argumentation
4. Roll with resistance
5. Supporting self-efficacy

Question 11

Identify the five stages of change

Answer 11

precontemplation (unaware of the problem, no thoughts about change)
contemplation (thinking about change in the near future)
decision (making a plan to change)
action (implementation of specific action plan)
maintenance (continuation of specific actions, or repeating periodic recommended steps)

Question 12

Explain the importance of each of the five stages of change in behaviour change

Answer 12

a

Question 13

Identify ways to help patients progress through the stages of change

Answer 13

a

Question 14

Define relapse and its relevance to behaviour change

Answer 14

Cessation of behaviour/change or moving backwards on stages

Question 15

Describe the premise of SMART goal setting

Answer 15

a