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SOC 110 > QUIZ #1 > Flashcards

QUIZ #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Raymond Williams’ 3 meanings of culture:

A

culture as a process of individual enrichment, as when we say that someone is “cultured”
culture as a group’s “particular way of life,”
culture as an activity, pursued by means of the museums, concerts, books, and movies that might be encouraged

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2
Q

is a set of values, norms, and behaviors shared by a social group.

A

Culture

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3
Q

A way of life and the society’s design for living

A

Culture

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4
Q

A society’s system of shared and learned values and norms;

A

Culture

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5
Q

The totality of learned and socially transmitted behavior

A

Culture

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6
Q

It is a product of interaction of material and non-material

A

Culture

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7
Q

also encapsulates the way of life of a social group.

A

Culture

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8
Q

described a cultural “toolkit” from which we can choose the appropriate tools—values, norms, practices—for any social situation.

A

Ann Swidler (1986)

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9
Q

learned, not instinctual or inherited.

A

culture is learned, not instinctual or inherited.

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10
Q

culture

A 
learned
Culture is socially transmitted
Culture is a social product
Culture is unconscious
Culture is adaptive
Culture has sanctions and controls
Culture is stable yet dynamic
Culture is both material and non-material
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11
Q

Components of Culture

A

Non-Material Culture

Values and Beliefs
Norms 
Symbols / Gestures
Language
Material Culture

Food
Clothing
House / Design

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12
Q

are the building blocks of Norms, which are basic rules of social conduct

A

Values

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13
Q

Expectations about the way people do things in a specific country

A

Norms

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14
Q

Three kinds:

A

Folkways, Mores and Laws

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15
Q

Positive Mores

A

you can

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16
Q

Negative Mores

A

you can’t

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17
Q

Social rules and guidelines; guide appropriate behavior for specific situations

A

Norms

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18
Q

Those ideals that a society holds above all others

A

Values and Belief system

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19
Q

Abstract ideas about the

A

the good, the right, and the desirable

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20
Q

is one of the most significant cultural universals (others include marriage and art).

A

Language

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21
Q

Anything that the society has agreed upon to signify a meaning or understanding within and between its people

A

Symbols/Gestures

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22
Q

A legacy or attributes of a group or society that are inherited from generation to generation, maintained in the present, and bestowed for the benefit of the future generation

A

Cultural Heritage

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23
Q

These may include both

A

material culture (tangible) and non-material culture (intangible).

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24
Q

It defines situations
It defines attitudes, values, and goals
It defines folkways, traditions, and mythology
It provides behavior patterns

A

Social Construction

25
Q

Cultural Centrism

A

Cultural Centrism

26
Q

judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture by viewing one’s own culture as normal and, oftentimes, superior.

A

Ethnocentrism

27
Q

Viewing a foreign culture as superior and that his own culture is inferior to that foreign culture.

A

Xenocentrism

28
Q

Judging a simpler lifestyle as better or more acceptable

A

Noble Savage Mentality

29
Q

A belief that the cultural enterprise of a certain culture must be passed on to another.

A

Cultural Burden

30
Q

is the treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person based on the group, class, or category to which the person is perceived to belong rather than on individual attribute

A

Discrimination

31
Q

any thought widely adopted about a specific type of individual or certain ways of behaving intended to represent the entire group of those individuals or behaviors as a whole

A

Stereotyping

32
Q

a perceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience, that may cause harm or injury that results or may result from some action or judgement

A

prejudicing

33
Q

an act of identifying a behavior of individual that is used to determine or classify as a deviant.

A

Labelling

34
Q

the act of suspecting or targeting a person based on certain profile, such as race, age, gender, etc. rather than on individual suspicion

A

profiling

35
Q

is discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race and ethnicity

A

Racism

36
Q

is discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their sex, sexual orientation, gender, and / or gender preference. It is the belief that one gender is intrinsically superior than another.

A

Sexism

37
Q

the unwanted conduct related to a relevant protected characteristic, which has the purpose or effect of violating an individual’s dignity, or creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating, or offensive environment for that individual.

A

Harassment

38
Q

occurs when an employee is treated badly because they have made or supported a complaint against a higher/co-equal worker, or suspected of doing so

A

victimization

39
Q

occurs when an employee is treated badly because they have made or supported a complaint against a higher/co-equal worker, or suspected of doing so

A

ageism

40
Q

a form of social stratification by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a lifestyle, status, and customary social interaction and exclusion.

A

caste

41
Q

encompasses a range of negative attitude and feeling towards homosexuality or people who are perceived as being homosexual

A

homophobic discrmination

42
Q

the process by which a person or a group is placed outside of the norm, into the margins

A

otherism

43
Q

a concerted effort by a group to ostracize a person based on being undesirability.

A

blacklisting

44
Q

Acceptance of different culture with respect each other’s differences.

A

cultural diversity

45
Q

Social institutions found in virtually all societies.

A

universal culture

46
Q

Process of spreading cultural traits or social process from a society to another through direct contact and exposure to the new form

A

cultural diffusion

47
Q

The idea that all norms belief, and values are dependent on their cultural context, ad should be treated as such.

A

Cultural relativism

48
Q

Blending or fusion of two distinct culture through long periods of interaction
Process by which a person or a group’s language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group.

A

assimilation

49
Q

Involves borrowing and imitation that leads to permanent cultural diffusion
process of cultural change and psychological change that results following meeting between cultures

A

Acculturation

50
Q

Deliberate infusion of a new culture to another

Process whereby individuals learn their group’s culture, through experience, observation, and instruction

A

enculcuration

51
Q

Biological or hereditary fusion of societies

A

amalgamation

52
Q

Feeling of disbelief, disorganization and frustration after an encounter with a different cultural pattern or practice.

A

culture shock

53
Q

Gap between the material and non-material culture.

A

culture lag

54
Q

A subculture is a group whose norms and values differ from those of the “mainstream.”

A

A subculture

55
Q
  • Subculture whose standards come in conflict with and oppose the conventional standards of the dominant culture
A

sub-culture

56
Q
  • Subculture whose standards come in conflict with and oppose the conventional standards of the dominant culture
A

counter-culture

57
Q

The co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and is manifested in customary behaviors, cultural assumptions and values, patterns of thinking, and communicative styles.

A

multiculturalism

58
Q

Disenfranchisement of culture through absorption of a local culture by a dominant outside culture

A

Cultural Hemogenity

SOC 110 (5 decks)

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