politics, religion and the last one Flashcards
the activities associated with the governance of
a country o other are, especially the debate or
conflict among individuals or parties having or
hoping to achieve power
Politics
Who gets what, when and
how (Lasswell)
=
Politics
Legitimate use of power
AUTHORITY
The ability to impose
one’s belief or interest
upon others, even in the
face of resistance
POWER
actual or threatened use of coercion to impose one’s political dissidents
• Force -
exercise of
power through a
• Influence
Max Weber’s
Legitimate
Order Theory
often dominates pre-modern societies it is based on the belief in the sanctity of tradition, of “the eternal yesterday”
Traditional Authority
Authority anchored in impersonal rules that been legally established Parallels the growth of ZWECKRATIONAL
Rational-Legal Authority
Appeal of leaders who claim
allegiance because of the
force of their extraordinary
personalities
Charismatic
TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
- MONARCHY
- OLIGARCHY
DICTATORSHIP - TOTALITARIANISM
. DEMOCRACY
- headed by a single member of a royal family usually,
a king, queen, or some other hereditary rule
- MONARCHY
- a few individuals who rule
- OLIGARCHY
one person has nearly total power to make and
enforce laws - rule primarily through the use of coercion, which often
DICTATORSHIP
- virtually complete government control and
surveillance over all aspects of a society’s social and
political life
- TOTALITARIANISM
- DEMOCRACY
- government by the people - originated from, Greek Demos = “the populace”, “the
common” and Kratia = “rule” - individuals are selected to speak for the people
- DEMOCRACY
the Politics of the Philippines took place in an
o r g a n i z e d f r a m e w o r k o f a
p r e s i d e n t i a l ,
representative and democratic republic
the president is both the
the head of state and head of
the government
THREE BRANCHES:
- Legislative
- Executive
- Judicial
-absence of war and proactive effort to
develop cooperative relations among
nations
PEACE
-use or threat of violence against
random or symbolic targets in
pursuit of political aim
TERRORISM
is the belief in and worship of a superhuman
controlling power, especially a personal God or gods
- particular system of faith and worship
- Pursuit or interest to which someone ascribes
supreme importance
Religion
Durkheim’s view,
religion is a collective act that
includes many forms of behavior in which people
interact with others.
He defined religion as a
“unified system of beliefs and
practices relative to sacred things”
it encompasses elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect and even fear - People become part of the sacred realm only by completing some ritual, such as prayer or sacrifice.
SACRED -
Includes ordinary and
commonplace
- Treat (something sacred)
with irreverence or disrespect
PROFANE
Sect - relatively small religious group that, has broken away for some other religious organizations to renew what it considers the original vision of faith
Sect -
- generally a small, secretive religious group that represents either a new religion or a major innovation of an existing faith. NRMs are similar to sects in that they tend to be small and are often viewed as less respectable than more established faiths.
New Reiligious
Movement (NRM)
a religious organization that claims to include most or all members of a society and is recognized as the national or official religion. Generally, ecclesiae are conservative, in that they do not challenge the leaders of a secular government.
Ecclesia (pl. Ecclesiae) -
is a large, organized religion that is not officially linked to the state or government. It is considered respectable and is not viewed as a challenge to the secular government, it lacks the official recognition and power held by an ecclesia (Doress and Porter 1977)
Denomination -
Eliot Friedson - officially approved monopoly of the right to define health and illness and to treat illness
Eliot Friedson
- Capitalists societies care more about maximizing profits than they do about the health and safety of industrial workers.
Karl marx
• Social Control involves techniques and strategies for regulating behavior in order to enforce the distinctive norms and values of a culture • Not simply a “healing profession”, it is a regulating mechanism
Medicalization of Society
Medicine serves as an
AGENT OF SOCIAL
CONTROL
1. Inequalities in health care 2. Poor people are underserved 3. Worsened by brain drain
Patients are not Passive;
often, they actively seek
the services of health care
practitioner.
Interactionist Perspective
costume that helps them to appear confident and professional at the same time that it identifies them as doctors to patients and other staff members.
White Coat =
- helps us to to understand
why certain people are
viewed as deviants
Labeling Theory
- the sociological study of life and human
interaction in Metropolitan Areas. - Normative discipline in Sociology seeking to
study the structures, processes, changes, and
problems of an urban area.
Urban Sociology
- Cities, PROPER AND PLANNED
- Urban areas are proper, planned settlements built up
according to a process of urbanization defined by
their advanced…
• AMENITIES,
• OPPORTUNITIES FOR EDUCATION,
• FACILITIES FOR TRANSPORT,
• BUSINESS AND SOCIAL INTERACTION and
• OVERALL BETTER STANDARD OF LIVING
Urban Community
- traditionally associated with the study of social
structure and conflict in rural areas although tropical
areas such as food, and agriculture or natural
resource access transcend traditional rural spatial
boundaries
Rural Sociology
Rural Community
- Life in the countryside is more sustainable, with
families often centered around agriculture and
livestock.
- many of the services are often shared between
multiple communities
Rural Community
- middle of rural and urban, mostly residential areas
- formed on the fringes of cities
- provide families with comfort of a city life and peace
of the countryside - enjoy the benefits and services of the same
community organizations found in the city
Suburban Community
Metropolitan Communities
- densely populated areas, city pero masikip
- referred to as metro area, or metro, a region
consisting of a densely populated urban core and its
less-populated surrounding territories, sharing
industry, infrastructure, and housing
Metropolitan Communities
SITIO • a territorial enclave that forms part of a barangay. • Typically rural, a sitio's location is usually far from the center of the barangay itself and would be its own barangay
SITIO
are areas of land that have been subdivided into individual residential plots. • Most are governed by associations made up of members who are residents of t he . In t he Philippines, are also known as villages.
SUBDIVISION
• I n u r b a n a r e a s o f the Philippines, the term "village" most commonly refers to pr iv ate s u b d iv i s i ons , especially gated communities.
“village
f o r m e r l y c a l l e d b a r r i o , i s t h e smallest a d m i n i s t r at i v e division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward. • Municipalities and cities are composed of barangays, and they may be further subdivided into smaller areas called purok and sitio, w h i c h i s a territorial enclave inside a b a r a n g a y , e s p e c i a l l y in rural areas.
BARANGAY •
is a local government unit (LGU) in the Philippines. are also usually called towns. • They are distinct from cities, which are a different category of local government unit. • Provinces of the Philippines are divided into cities and municipalities which in turn, are divided into barangays, formerly barrios.
MUNICIPALITY •
A l l P h i l i p p i n e c i t i e s are chartered cities, whose existence as corporate and administrative entities is g o v e r n e d b y t h e i r o w n specific municipal charters in a d d i t i o n t o t h e L o c a l Government Code of 1991, w h i c h s p e c i f i e s t h e i r administrative structure and powers.
CITY •
• The usage of the term 'district' (distrito) in the Philippines has similarities to that in the United States. (82 P R O V I N C E S I N T H E PHILIPPINES, 82nd DavaoOccidental
DISTRICT •
• is a territorial unit, almost
always an administrative
d i v i s i o n , w i t h i n
a country or state.
PROVINCE •
are areas broadly divided by physical characteristics, human-impact characteristics, and the interaction of humanity and the environment. (18 R E G I O N S I N T H E PHILIPPINES)
•REGION •
is a designation for some types of autonomous administrative divisions. An division is an administrative division of a country that has a degree of autonomy, or freedom from an external authority
Autonomous region
URBAN MIGRATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Rural to Urban
- Access to Services
- Job Opportunities
- Entertainment Facilities
- Better Transport links
- Good living conditions
RURAL MIGRATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
Urban to Rural
- SOLIDARITY
- LESS POLLUTION
- SIMPLER LIFE
- LOWER COST OF LIVING
a person or community lacks the financial resources and essentials to enjoy a minimum standard of life and well-being that's considered acceptable in society.
POVERTY
is a condition on road networks that occurs as use increases, and is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queueing.
TRAFFIC CONGESTION
isolation of
different communities within an
urban area such as the rich and
the poor
URBAN ISOLATION
A comprehensive scheme to redress a complex of urban problems, including unsanitary, deficient, or obsolete housing; inadequate transportation, sanitation, and other services and facilities; haphazard land use; traffic congestion; and the sociological correlates of urban decay, such as crime.
URBAN RENEWAL
The term refers to its streets, alleys, subway system, inner-city neighborhoods, playgrounds and schools. Usually a metropolis characterized by densely packed residential buildings, businesses and a decaying industrial sector
URBAN JUNGLE
- 250k and above
- 250k and below
Cities
Municipality -
Php 250 pesos per day, per Family of 4
Brain Drain
- Many rural communities have lost younger residents
to urban migration
- Younger, educated rural residents find employment,
social
- opportunities in urban centers.
- Loss of younger residents is associated with rural
community decline.
Poverty Line
- a shift in population from rural living in cities and
towns - occurred alongside industrialization
Urbanization
- 1900: became a global, not just national process
Global Urbanization
- successfully adapts to change by utilizing and
developing resources that mitigate effects at change - collective capability to form partnerships, build social
capital and social cohesion - able to attain younger, skilled and educated residents
Resilient Community
- Many rural communities have lost younger residents
to urban migration - Younger, educated rural residents find employment,
social - opportunities in urban centers.
- Loss of younger residents is associated with rural
community decline.
Brain Drain
- Many rural communities have lost younger residents
to urban migration
- Younger, educated rural residents find employment,
social
- opportunities in urban centers.
- Loss of younger residents is associated with rural
community decline.
