Quiz 1 Flashcards
abdomin/o
abdomen
acu/o
needle, sharp
aden/o
gland
amni/o
amnion
andr/o
male
angi/o
vessel
arter/o
artery
arthr/o
joint
axill/o
armpit
bronch/o
bronchus
carcin/o
cancer
cardi/o
heart
carp/o
wrist
cephal/o
head
cerebr/o
cerebrum
chem/o
chemical
cholecyst/o
gall bladder
chondr/o
cartilage
chron/o
time
cis/o
to cut
col/o
colon
cost/o
rib
cutane/o
skin
cyst/o
bladder
cyt/o
cell
derm/o
skin
duct/o
duct
encephal/o
brain
enter/o
small intestine
erythr/o
red
esophag/o
esophagus
flex/o
to bend
gastr/o
stomach
gloss/o
tongue
glyc/o
sugar
gynec/o
female
hem/o
blood
hemat/o
blood
hepat/o
liver
hydr/o
water
hyster/o
uterus
ile/o
ileum
immun/o
immune
inguin/o
groin
laryng/o
voice box
leuk/o
white
lingu/o
tongue
mamm/o
breast
mast/o
breast
muc/o
mucus
my/o
muscle
nat/o
birth
necr/o
death
nephr/o
kidney
neur/o
nerve
onc/o
tumor
ophthalm/o
eye
oste/o
bone
ot/o
ear
path/o
disease
phag/o
eat
pharyng/o
throat
pneumon/o
lung
pulmon/o
lung
rect/o
rectum
ren/o
kidney
rhin/o
nose
sarc/o
flesh
seps/o
infection
son/o
sound
splen/o
spleen
thorac/o
chest
thromb/o
clot
tonsill/o
tonsils
tox/o
toxin
trache/o
trachea
ur/o
urine/urinary tract
ven/o
vein
a-
without, away from
ab-
away from
ad-
towards
ambi-
both, both sides
an-
without
ante-
before, in front of
antero-
before, in front of
anti-
against
auto-
self
brady-
slow
circum-
around
con-
with, together
contra-
against
de-
down
dextro-
to the right of
dia-
through, across
dorso-
back
dys-
painful, difficult
ec-
out, out from
endo-
within, inner
epi-
upon, over
eu-
normal, good
ex-
out from
exo-
out
hetero-
different
homo-
same
hydro-
water
hyper-
over, above
hypo-
under, below
im-
not
in-
not, into
infra-
under, beneath, below
inter-
among, between
intra-
within, inside
latero-
side
mal-
bad, ill
medi-
middle
meso-
middle
meta-
change, beyond
mid-
middle
neo-
new
pachy-
thick
pan-
all
para-
beside, beyond, near
per-
through
peri-
around
post-
after
postero-
after, behind
pre-
before, in front of
pro-
before, in front of
pseudo-
false
re-
again, back
retro-
backward, behind
sinistro-
left
sub-
below, under
super-
above, excess
supra-
above
sym-
together
syn-
together
tachy-
rapid, fast
trans-
through, across
ultra-
beyond, excess
Superior
also cranial, cephalic
above
Inferior
also caudal
below
Anterior
also ventral
towards front
Posterior
also dorsal
towards back
Medial
Towards midline
Lateral
away from midline
Proximal
close to point of attachment
Distal
far from point of attachment
Visceral
membrane that directly lines an organ
Parietal
membrane that lines a cavity
Bilateral
same structure on different sides of the body (i.e. ears)
Ipsilateral
different structure on same side of body (i.e. right ear and right hand)
Contralateral
different structures on different sides of body (i.e. right ear and left hand)
Sagittal Plane
Bisects into right and left
Mid-sagittal: evenly splits
Para-sagittal: unevenly splits
Transverse Plane
Horizontal, cross section
Frontal Plane
also coronal plane
bisects into front and back
Axilla
armpit
Supraorbital margin
raised portion above eyes
Auricle
Outer ear (elastic cartilage)
Thyroid cartilage
around larynx, adam’s apple
hyaline cartilage
Suprasternal notch
depression above sternum between clavicles
Zygomatic bone
Cheek bone
Supraclavicular fossa
above clavicle depression
Costal Margin of Ribs
V of ribs
Pectoralis major
Main chest muscle
Trapezius
Major upper back muscle (diamond shape on back)
Latissimus dorsi
Lower back muscle
Cubital fossa
Depression in elbow
Inguinal ligament
groin ligament (“V”)
Iliac Crest
top of hip bone
Gluteus maximus
Outer butt muscle
Gluteus medius
Upper butt muscle
Popliteal fossa
Inner knee
Gastrocnemius
Large calf muscle (posterior)
Simple squamous epithelium
Sites of filtration, diffusion and secretion. Not found in areas of mechanical stress
Lines cardiovascular and lymphatic system (endothelium)
Serous membranes such as peritoneum, pluera and pericardium (mesothelium)
Air sacs of lungs, Bowman’s capsule of kidneys, inner surface of tympanic membrane
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Secretion and absorption
Surface of ovary, anterior surface of capsule of lens of eye, pigmented epithelium at posterior surface of retina, lines kidney tubules and smalls ducts, secretory portion of glands like thyroid and ducts like pancreas
Nonciliated simple columnar epithelium
Secretion and absorption, higher level than cuboidal.
Lines gastrointestinal tract, ducts of many glands and gallbladder
Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
Cilia beat to move mucus and foreign particles
Lines bronchioles, uterine (fallopian) tubes, uterus, paranasul sinuses, central canal of spinal cord and ventricles of brain
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Secretes mucus that traps foreign particle, cilia sweep away. Absorption and protection
Airways of upper respiratory tract
Keratonized stratified squamous epithelium
Protection against abrasion, water loss, UV radiation, and foreign invasion. First line of defense against microbes
Superficial layer of skin
Non-keratonized stratified squamous epithelium
Protection against abrasion, water loss, UV radiation, and foreign invasion. First line of defense against microbes
Line wet surfaces such as mouth, esophagus, part of epiglottis, part of pharynx, vagina and tongue
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Protection and limited secretion and absorptions
Ducts of adult sweat glands, esophageal glands and part of male urethra
Stratified columnar epithelium
Protection and secretion
Lines part of urethra, large excretory ducts (esophageal glands), small areas in anal mucous membrane, and conjunctiva of eye
Transitional Epithelium
It allows the urinary organs to stretch to hold a variable amount of fluid without rupturing, while serving as a protective lining.
Lines urinary bladder and portions of ureters and urethra
Radiography/X-rays
Single barrage of x-rays passes through body producing an image of interior structures on x-ray sensitive film
Relatively inexpensive, quick and simple to perform
X-rays do not easily pass through dense structures so bones appear white.
Mammography and bone densitometry
CT/CAT Scan
Computer-assisted radiography in which an x-ray traces an arc at multiple angles around a section of the body
Gives transverse sections
Bone injuries
Screening for lung cancers, coronary artery disease and kidney cancers.
MRI
Body is exposed to high-energy magnetic field which causes protons in body fluids and tissues to arrange themselves in relation to the field. Pulse of radiowaves reads these ion patterns and a color coded image in assembled on a video monitor
Relatively safe, but cannot be used on patients with metal in their bodies
Shows fine details for soft tissues but not bone
Detect tumors, artery-clogging fatty plaques, reveal brain abnormalities, measure blood flow, and detect variety of musculo-skeletal, liver and kidney disorders
PET
Substance that emits positrons is injected into body where is it taken up by tissues. Collision of positrons with electrons produces gamma rays that are detected by cameras. Computer receives signals and constructs color image.
Shows where injected substance is being used in body
Used to study physiology of body structures such as metabolism of brain or heart
Ultrasonography
High-frequency sound waves produced by a handheld wand reflect off body tissues and are detected by same instrument.
Safe, non-invasive, painless and uses no dyes
Visualize fetus during pregnancy, observe size, location and actions of organs and blood flow through vessels
Endoscopy
Visual examination of body organs or cavities using a lighted instrument with lenses
Colonoscopy, laparoscopy, arthroscopy
Right Hypochondriac
Right lobe of liver
Epigastric
Left/right lobe of liver, gall bladder, stomach, transverse colon
Left Hypochondriac
Spleen, stomach
Right Lumbar
Ascending colon
Umbilical
Small intestine
Left Lumbar
Descending colon
Right inguinal (right iliac)
cecum and appendix
Hypogastric (pubic)
urinary bladder
Left Inguinal (left iliac)
nada
Right Upper Abdominopelvic Quadrant
Right lobe of liver, gall bladder, transverse and ascending colon, small intestine
Left Upper Abdominopelvic Quadrant
Stomach, left lobe of liver, transverse and descending colon, spleen, small intestine
Right Lower Abdominopelvic Quadrant
Ascending colon, small intestine, cecum, appendix, urinary bladder
Left Lower Abdominopelvic Quadrant
Small intestine, descending colon, urinary bladder
Posterior Cavity
Cranial and vertebral cavity
Anterior Cavity
Diaphragm + thoracic cavity + abdominopelvic cavity
Thoracic cavity
Visceral pleura, parietal pleura, pleural cavity, mediastinum, visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium, pericardial cavity
Visceral pleura
membrane directly on lungs
Parietal pleura
membrane that lines thoracic cavity
Pleural cavity
between pleura (lungs)
Mediastinum
Region inside of thoracic cavity
Contains heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus
Visceral pericardium
Directly lines the heart
Parietal pericardium
Outer layer of the layer around the heart
Pericardial cavity
Between visceral and parietal pericardium
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Visceral peritoneum, parietal peritoneum, peritoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity
Visceral peritoneum
Lines organs in abdominal cavity
Parietal peritoneum
Lines abdominal cavity
Peritoneal cavity
between visceral and parietal peritoneum
Retroperitoneal cavity
Kidneys and ureter
Buccal cavity
mouth
Orbital cavity
Eyes
Middle ear cavity
auditory ossicles
Inspection
Examining body proportions, posture and patterns of movement. Local inspection is examining the site of an injury. Largest amount of information gathered this way
Palpation
Using hands or fingers to feel the body. Info on skin texture and temperature. Used to feel underlying structure, find sensitive spots. Understanding of normal anatomy is essential
Percussions
Tapping fingers or hand to determine the density of underlying tissues. Lungs will sound more dense than normal when filled with fluid
Auscultation
Listening to body sounds, usually using a stethoscope
