Clinicals Lab 6

Question 1

Tenosynovitis

Answer 1

Inflammation of tendons, tendon sheaths and synovial membranes
Most often at wrists, shoulders, elbows, finger joins, ankles and feet
Swelling, tenderness, pain
Repetitive actions

Question 2

Fibromyalgia

Answer 2

Chronic, painful, nonarticular rheumatic disorder that affects the fibrous connective tissue components of muscles, tendons and ligaments
Pain from gentle pressure at specific tender points
Pain, tenderness, and stiffness of muscles, tendons and surrounding tissue
Severe fatigue, poor sleep, headaches, depression, IBS
No specific cause
Treatment: stress reduction, exercise, application of heat, gentle massage, PT and medication

Question 3

Atrophy vs Hypertrophy

Answer 3

Hypertrophy: Dramatic muscle growth that occurs after birth occurs by enlargement of existing muscle fibers
Increased production of myofibrils, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and other organelles
Atrophy: wasting away of muscles. Individual muscle fibers decrease in size as a result of progressive loss of myofibrils

Question 4

Hypotonia vs Hypertonia

Answer 4

Hypotonia: decreased or lost muscle tone
Flaccid muscles result - loose and appeared flattened rather than rounded
Nervous system disorders and disruptions of electrolytes can result in flaccid or spastic paralysis
Hypertonia: increased muscle tone, expressed in spasticity or rigidity. Spasticity is increased muscle tone associated with an increase in tendon reflexes and pathological reflexes
Rigidity: increased muscle tone in which reflexes are not affected (i.e. tetanus)

Question 5

Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 5

Group of inherited muscle destroying diseases that cause progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers
Duchenne: X-linked, protein for dystrophin is mutated
Sarcolemma tears easily, muscle fibers rupture and die

Question 6

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 6

Autoimmune disease that causes chronic, progressive damage of the neuromuscular junction. Antibodies attack ACh receptors
Muscles become weaker, fatigue more easily and cease to function
Neostigmine

Question 7

Rigor Mortis

Answer 7

Muscle rigidity after death
Caused by binding of myosin heads to actin
3-4 hours after death and lasts 24 hours, disappears as proteolytic enzymes from lysosomes digest the cross bridges

Question 8

Anabolic Steroids

Answer 8

Steroid hormones taken to increase muscle size and strength
Damaging side effects such as liver cancer, kidney damage, increased risk of heart disease, stunted growth, mood swings, acne, irritability and aggression. Diminished testosterone secretion, atrophy of testes, sterility and baldness