Quiz 1 Flashcards
Naturally we use small diameter type __ muscle fibers first, but with estim we recruit large diameter type __ first.
Type 1, Type 2
Which type of circuit is best for muscle since it uses less resistance?
Parallel Circuit
What frequencies are generally required for postural muscles?
13-15pps
What is the formula for a parallel circuit?
1/R*total = 1/r1 + 1/r2 + 1/r3 ….
What should patients do to recruit both type 1 and 2 fibers for best functional gains?
Use both Estim and Physiological contractions
What is the formula for Amperage?
I= V/R
Longest stimulus is for ________.
Denervated muscle: 10-35 ms
What is the formula for Voltage?
V= IR
Which frequencies are generally required for peripheral muscles?
35-50pps
What does a series circuit formula look like?
R *total = r1 + r2 + r3 ….
The speed at which an AP travels depends on what?
- The diameter of the nerve (The greater the diameter of the nerve, the faster the AP will travel)
- Nerve is myelinated or not (Myelinated nerves cause after action potentials than non myelinated)
What is the formula for Resistance?
R=V/I
Shorter durations of stimulus will stimulate _______.
Sensory Recptors (Sharp Pain) <80 microsecond
When stimulating innervated tissue, how long should the pulse duration be set?
< 1 ms to minimize pain
In a mechanical stimulator, what are the parts that convert electricity to a variety of waveforms and an output charge of a controlled amplitude (strength)?
- Power source
- Waveform generation + timing control
- Output amplifier
What do clinical outcomes of Estim depend on?
- Stimulus duration
- Amplitude
- Frequency
(Mid) Longer durations of stimulus are for _______.
Dull Pain producing C fibers : approx. 1ms
What is the order of tissues that are most conductive to most insulating
- nerves
- muscle
- skin
- fat
- cartilage
- ligaments
- bone
When twitches are fused, the contraction is said to be?
Tetanic
Which frequencies are generally required to produce greater strengthening for muscles? (Will produce greater fatigue however)
50-80pps
Why will a person have increased discomfort when using long duration stimulus for denervated tissue?
Due to the stimulation of C fibers (dull pain)
Longer durations of stimulus are required for ________.
Motor fibers (muscle innervated) 150-350 microsec
Another name for conduction is?
Action Potential Propogation
What is the unit used for the rate of current flow?
I = Amp (V/R)
