Exam 2 Flashcards
Which nerves contain a mix of motor,sensory, and sympathetic neurons?
Peripheral nerves
Cell bodies located in anterior column of spinal cord; innervates skeletal muscles are…
Alpha motor neurons (somatic efferent fibers)
Cell bodies located in lateral columns of spinal cord; innervates individual skeletal muscles are…
Gamma motor neurons (efferent fibers)
Cell bodes located in the dorsal root ganglia innervates sensory receptors are…
Sensory neurons (somatic efferent fibers)
Cell bodies located in sympathetic ganglia; innervates sweat glands, blood vessels, viscera, and glands are…
Sympathetic neurons (visceral afferent fibers)
The arrangement of the spinal cord, nerve roots, and plexes allows what?
Mobility
The brachial plexus is formed by the anterior primary divisions of which nerve roots?
C5-T1
The brachial plexus courses through the region known as the thoracic outlet. What are the three sites for compression or entrapment of this regions neurovascular structures?
- Interscalene Triangle
- Costaclavicular Space
- Axillary Interval
Cadaveric and in vivo ultrasouond studies of median nerve mobility and strain have showed how much nerve movement?
5-10mm
With nerve injury, rates of regeneration may vary from what?
1 inch to .5 mm
What losses does the upper plexus injury erb’s palsy “stinger in football” contain?
- Forearm Supination “especially with Elbow Flexion” (Musculocutaneus; C5-C7)
- Shoulder Abduction/Lateral Rotation (Axillary C5-C6)
What losses does Klumpke’s paralysis usually contain due to compression by a cervical rib or stretching the arm overhead?
- Finger Abduction/Adduction
- Thumb Adduction (atrophy of thenar eminence)
(paralysis of hand intrinsics when
baby presents with arm overhead)
Complete/total injury of the plexus results from?
Birth complications:
- 1/3 associated with Horner Syndrome
- Erb’s-Klumpke Paralysis
In the upper trunk injury involving the Axillary Nerve what would be the deformity, weakness, and sensory loss.
- Square Shoulders via atrophy
- Shoulder Abduction/External Rotation
- Shoulder Anterior to Posterior Arm
Vascular and/or upper extremity neurological symptoms that are not consistent with nerve root or peripheral nerve dermatome and myotome patterns should lead the therapist to suspect what?
Thoracic outlet problems
Medical diagnosis for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome include?
- Neurogenic TOS
* Nonspecific ͞symptomatic͟ neurogentic TOS
• Vascular syndromes, arterial or venous
In the injury involving the Musculocutaneus Nerve, what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?
- Elbow Flexion ć Supination
- Upper Arm Flexor Atrophy
- Lateral Anterior-Posterior forearm
In the injury involving the Median Nerve, what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?
- No forearm Pronation. Weak Grip (Hand/Wrist Flexors). No Thumb Abduction/Opposition.
- Ape Hand (Atrophy of Thenar Eminence)
- Radial/Lateral surface of anterior service of hand. Tips of 1-3 fingers dorsally.
This condition is a dysfunction of median nerve-susceptible to
pressure from the flexor tendons?
Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
*Anything that decreases space in the tunnel can compress/restrict
mobility of nerve can cause dysfunction distal to wrist.
In the injury involving the Ulnar Nerve, what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?
- 4th and 5th digits will have decreased movement. No Thumb/Finger Adduction. Finger Abduction.
- Partial Claw with atrophy between Metacarpals and Hypothenar eminence. Ulnar drifting of finger.
- Medial half of hand palmer and dorsal side (4th and 5th digits)
In the injury involving the Radial Nerve, what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?
- Tricep Weakness. Wrist Extensors. Weak Supination.
- Wrist Drop
- Posterior UE from mid-arm down to fingers to tips (to median nerve distribution)
*Crutch Palsy/Saturday Night Palsy
In the Lumbarsacral Plexus, Isolated injuries are uncommon-usually due to _____ or ______.
Disc Lesions, Sponolytic Deformities
In the injury involving the Femoral Nerve (Pelvic/Upper Thigh), what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?
- Weak Hip Flexion. Knee Extension
- Quad Atrophy
- A.Medial half of Quad. Proximal A. Lateral Knee
In the injury involving the Obturator Nerve (L2-L4), what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?
- Weak Hip Adduction. External Rotation.
- Medial Thigh Atrophy
- Inner Thigh
