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PTA 207 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which nerves contain a mix of motor,sensory, and sympathetic neurons?

A

Peripheral nerves

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2
Q

Cell bodies located in anterior column of spinal cord; innervates skeletal muscles are…

A

Alpha motor neurons (somatic efferent fibers)

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3
Q

Cell bodies located in lateral columns of spinal cord; innervates individual skeletal muscles are…

A

Gamma motor neurons (efferent fibers)

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4
Q

Cell bodes located in the dorsal root ganglia innervates sensory receptors are…

A

Sensory neurons (somatic efferent fibers)

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5
Q

Cell bodies located in sympathetic ganglia; innervates sweat glands, blood vessels, viscera, and glands are…

A

Sympathetic neurons (visceral afferent fibers)

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6
Q

The arrangement of the spinal cord, nerve roots, and plexes allows what?

A

Mobility

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7
Q

The brachial plexus is formed by the anterior primary divisions of which nerve roots?

A

C5-T1

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8
Q

The brachial plexus courses through the region known as the thoracic outlet. What are the three sites for compression or entrapment of this regions neurovascular structures?

A
  • Interscalene Triangle
  • Costaclavicular Space
  • Axillary Interval
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9
Q

Cadaveric and in vivo ultrasouond studies of median nerve mobility and strain have showed how much nerve movement?

A

5-10mm

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10
Q

With nerve injury, rates of regeneration may vary from what?

A

1 inch to .5 mm

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11
Q

What losses does the upper plexus injury erb’s palsy “stinger in football” contain?

A
  • Forearm Supination “especially with Elbow Flexion” (Musculocutaneus; C5-C7)
  • Shoulder Abduction/Lateral Rotation (Axillary C5-C6)
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12
Q

What losses does Klumpke’s paralysis usually contain due to compression by a cervical rib or stretching the arm overhead?

A
  • Finger Abduction/Adduction
  • Thumb Adduction (atrophy of thenar eminence)

(paralysis of hand intrinsics when
baby presents with arm overhead)

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13
Q

Complete/total injury of the plexus results from?

A

Birth complications:

  • 1/3 associated with Horner Syndrome
  • Erb’s-Klumpke Paralysis
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14
Q

In the upper trunk injury involving the Axillary Nerve what would be the deformity, weakness, and sensory loss.

A
  • Square Shoulders via atrophy
  • Shoulder Abduction/External Rotation
  • Shoulder Anterior to Posterior Arm
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15
Q

Vascular and/or upper extremity neurological symptoms that are not consistent with nerve root or peripheral nerve dermatome and myotome patterns should lead the therapist to suspect what?

A

Thoracic outlet problems

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16
Q

Medical diagnosis for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome include?

A
  • Neurogenic TOS

* Nonspecific ͞symptomatic͟ neurogentic TOS
• Vascular syndromes, arterial or venous

17
Q

In the injury involving the Musculocutaneus Nerve, what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?

A
  • Elbow Flexion ć Supination
  • Upper Arm Flexor Atrophy
  • Lateral Anterior-Posterior forearm
18
Q

In the injury involving the Median Nerve, what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?

A
  • No forearm Pronation. Weak Grip (Hand/Wrist Flexors). No Thumb Abduction/Opposition.
  • Ape Hand (Atrophy of Thenar Eminence)
  • Radial/Lateral surface of anterior service of hand. Tips of 1-3 fingers dorsally.
19
Q

This condition is a dysfunction of median nerve-susceptible to
pressure from the flexor tendons?

A

Carpel Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

*Anything that decreases space in the tunnel can compress/restrict
mobility of nerve can cause dysfunction distal to wrist.

20
Q

In the injury involving the Ulnar Nerve, what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?

A
  • 4th and 5th digits will have decreased movement. No Thumb/Finger Adduction. Finger Abduction.
  • Partial Claw with atrophy between Metacarpals and Hypothenar eminence. Ulnar drifting of finger.
  • Medial half of hand palmer and dorsal side (4th and 5th digits)
21
Q

In the injury involving the Radial Nerve, what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?

A
  • Tricep Weakness. Wrist Extensors. Weak Supination.
  • Wrist Drop
  • Posterior UE from mid-arm down to fingers to tips (to median nerve distribution)

*Crutch Palsy/Saturday Night Palsy

22
Q

In the Lumbarsacral Plexus, Isolated injuries are uncommon-usually due to _____ or ______.

A

Disc Lesions, Sponolytic Deformities

23
Q

In the injury involving the Femoral Nerve (Pelvic/Upper Thigh), what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?

A
  • Weak Hip Flexion. Knee Extension
  • Quad Atrophy
  • A.Medial half of Quad. Proximal A. Lateral Knee
24
Q

In the injury involving the Obturator Nerve (L2-L4), what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?

A
  • Weak Hip Adduction. External Rotation.
  • Medial Thigh Atrophy
  • Inner Thigh
25
Q

In the injury involving the Sciatic Nerve (L4-S3), what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?

A
  • Weakness in knee flexion. Loss of ankle and foot
    control (Eversion & Plantar Flexion).
  • Radiating Pain in posterior leg. Posterior Leg & Foot Atrophy.
  • Medial middle portion of thigh
26
Q

In the injury involving the Tibial Nerve (L4-S3), what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?

A
  • Weak Plantar Flexion. Toe/Ray Flexion. Ankle Inversion
  • Calf Atrophy. Pes Planus (Flat Foot)
  • Medial heal. Posterior Lateral 1/2 Leg
27
Q

In the injury involving the Common Peroneal Nerve (L4-S2), what would be the weakness, deformity, and sensory loss?

A
  • Ankle Flexors. Toe Extensors. Petronius Tertrius.
  • Foot Drop. Pes Valgus. Equinovarus.
  • Lateral Anterior 1/2 of leg
28
Q

In classifications of nerve injury, what is the condition of the nerve for these symptoms?
• Segmental demyelination
• AP is slowed or blocked, normal above and below compression point
• Muscle does not atrophy from nerve compression or traction
• Recovery usually complete

A

Neuropraxia

29
Q

In classifications of nerve injury, what is the condition of the nerve for these symptoms?
• Loss of axonal continuity but connective
tissue coverings remain intact
• Wallerian degeneration distal to lesion
• Muscle fiber atrophy and sensory loss
• Cause: prolonged compression or stretch causing infarction and necrosis
• Recovery is complete-may require surgery

A

Axonotmesis

30
Q

In classifications of nerve injury, what is the condition of the nerve for these symptoms?
• Complete severance of nerve fiberwith disruption of connective tissue coverings.
• Wallerian degeneration distal to lesion
• Muscle fiber atrophy and sensory loss
• Cause: gunshot or stab wounds, avulsion, rupture
• No recovery without surgery

A

Neurotmesis

31
Q

What location injury is most difficult with nerves?

A

Proximal

32
Q

What types of nerve injuries need repair right away via timing and good surgical technique?

A

Laceration and crush injuries

33
Q

Radial, musculocutaneous, and femoral nerves have
______ regenerative potential.

A

Excellent

34
Q

Median, ulnar and tibal nerve have _____ regenerative potential.

A

Moderate

35
Q

Peroneal nerve has _______ regenerative potential.

A

Poor

PTA 207 (4 decks)

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