Quiz #1 Flashcards
concepts are ideas that represent:
a class or catagory of objects, events, or activities that
concepts and catagories are important because they allow us to:
organize and manage tremendous amounts of information
which is the most likely prototype for the concept “vehicle”?
car
the first notion that comes to mind when asked to name an example from a category is called the:
prototype
the trial-and-error method of solving problems is also known as the:
mechanical solution
what systematic problem-solving method guarantees a solution, provided that one exists?
algorithmic method
what problem-solving strategies don’t guarantee solutions but make efficient use of time?
heuristics
an advantage of using a heuristic over and algorithm is that a heuristic:
can be quicker
which decision-making strategy involves making judgements of likelihood based on how well an example represents category?
the representativeness heuristic
a seemingly arbitrary flash “out of the blue,” through which the solution to a problem suddenly becomes apparent to you, but you do not consciously know how you “figured it out,” is called:
insight
a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects only in terms of their most common or typical use is called:
functional fixedness
the tendency to perceive and approach problems in the same ways that have worked in the past is called:
mental state
what term do psychologists use to describe our tendency to search for evidence that supports our belief and to ignore evidence that might disprove it?
confirmation bias
the ability to solve problems by combining behaviours and ideas in new ways is called:
creativity
a group of businesspeople meet in order to solve the problem of decreased sales of their company’s products. one of them suggests that they generate as many ideas as they can in a short period of time without being critical of any of them. this technique of stimulating divergent thinking is called:
brainstorming
