Ch 9.1-9.4: motivation

Question 1

The process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met is called:

Answer 1

motivation

Question 2

Extrinsic motivation is defined as the pursuit of an activity:

Answer 2

for external reward

Question 3

The pursuit of an activity for an outcome that is separate from the person is called:

Answer 3

extrinsic motivation

Question 4

The pursuit of an activity for its own sake is called:

Answer 4

intrinsic motivation

Question 5

Intrinsic motivation is one that propels a person to pursue an activity:

Answer 5

because the act itself is satisfying

Question 6

what is TRUE about motivation?

Answer 6

motivation directs behaviour

Question 7

In the early twentieth century, psychologists were inclined to explain motivated behavior by attributing it to:

Answer 7

instincts

Question 8

Salmon swimming upstream to spawn are an example of:

Answer 8

instincts

Question 9

What do researchers call biologically determined, innate patterns of behavior?

Answer 9

instincts

Question 10

an instinct is a tendency that is:

Answer 10

biologically innate

Question 11

The state of tension created by biological needs is called a(n):

Answer 11

drive

Question 12

_______ is a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs, such as those for food and water.

Answer 12

a drive

Question 13

The ________ theory of motivation suggests a connection between internal physiological states and outward behavior.

Answer 13

drive-reduction

Question 14

The tendency of the body to maintain a steady state of functioning is called:

Answer 14

homeostasis

Question 15

What is the primary function of homeostasis?

Answer 15

to maintain a steady state

Question 16

Homeostasis is MOST likely what?

Answer 16

a thermostat

Question 17

primary drives are caused by:

Answer 17

needs within the body

Question 18

primary drives are:

Answer 18

unlearned

Question 19

Physiologically based drives that are unlearned are called ________ drives.

Answer 19

primary

Question 20

Drives that are learned through experience are called ________ drives.

Answer 20

acquired (secondary)

Question 21

Which outcome does drive-reduction theory fail to explain?

Answer 21

people eating when they’re not hungry

Question 22

Some psychologists believe that an organism’s behavior is motivated by the need to achieve a state of balance in which the body functions effectively, a state known as:

Answer 22

homeostasis

Question 23

Drives serve to activate responses that are aimed at reducing the drive, thereby returning the body to a more normal state called:

Answer 23

homeostasis

Question 24

According to drive-reduction theory, what occurs each time a behavior results in drive reduction?

Answer 24

tension is reduced

Question 25

_______ theory states that behaviors are motivated by an organism’s attempts to reduce tension from conditions such as hunger or thirst and return the body to a state of balance.

Answer 25

drive-reduction

Question 26

A famed psychologist claims that motivated behaviors result from an effort to reduce tension caused by bodily needs such as hunger or thirst. This psychologist’s philosophy most closely matches ______ theory.

Answer 26

drive-reduction

Question 27

The need for ________ involves a strong desire to succeed in attaining goals.

Answer 27

achievement

Question 28

a stimulus motive is:

Answer 28

unlearned

Question 29

In arousal theory, people are said to have a(n) ________ level of tension.

Answer 29

optimal

Question 30

Lara likes to maintain a sense of calm and steady balance in her life. Diego likes stimulation and adventure at all times. Rudy simply goes with the flow and lets events unfold in his life. In each case, Lara, Diego, and Rudy have an optimal level of ________ that works best for them personally.

Answer 30

arousal

Question 31

Lara likes to maintain a sense of calm and steady balance in her life. Diego likes stimulation and adventure at all times. Rudy simply goes with the flow and lets events unfold in his life. Which person would score highest in sensation seeking?

Answer 31

Diego

Question 32

things that attract or lure people into action are:

Answer 32

incentives

Question 33

Although Tamika just ate a huge meal and feels “stuffed,” the idea of a chocolate sundae is too good to pass up. Which motivational term explains the appeal of the sundae?

Answer 33

incentive

Question 34

one interesting thing about incentive approaches is that incentives:

Answer 34

exist independently of any need or level of arousal

Question 35

according to Abraham Maslow, developing one's potential to its fullest extent results in:

Answer 35

self-actualization