Ch 11

Question 1

The unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave is called:

Answer 1

personality

Question 2

Compared to the others, which perspective on personality is most likely to emphasize the role of the unconscious mind?

Answer 2

psychodynamic

Question 3

Compared to the others, which perspective on personality is most likely to focus on conscious experiences and personal choices in shaping personality?

Answer 3

humanistic

Question 4

According to Freud, material that we are not currently aware of but that can be easily recalled is in the ________ mind.

Answer 4

preconscious

Question 5

According to Sigmund Freud, the three levels of awareness are:

Answer 5

preconscious, conscious, unconscious

Question 6

What is Freud’s term for the primitive side of personality that is motivated primarily by biological drives?

Answer 6

id

Question 7

The pleasure principle is associated with which element of Freud’s personality theory?

Answer 7

the id

Question 8

What is Freud’s term for the executive of the personality that has a realistic plan for obtaining gratification of an individual’s desires?

Answer 8

ego

Question 9

According to Freud, rationality, logical thinking, and reasoning are controlled by the:

Answer 9

ego

Question 10

The ________ controls the satisfaction of the id’s drives in a socially acceptable manner.

Answer 10

ego

Question 11

The ego operates according to which principle?

Answer 11

the reality principle

Question 12

Which element in Freud’s personality theory contains the conscience?

Answer 12

the superego

Question 13

For Freud, the moral guardian of personality is the:

Answer 13

superego

Question 14

According to Freud, what is the result of conflict between the id and the superego?

Answer 14

anxiety

Question 15

According to Freud’s psychodynamic theory, which defense mechanism involves attributing an unconsciously experienced impulse or feeling to someone else?

Answer 15

projection

Question 16

When anxiety-provoking memories are prevented from reaching conscious awareness, such as not remembering lying to parents, it is called:

Answer 16

repression

Question 17

Sigmund Freud’s psychosexual stages focus on several parts of the body, identified as ______ zones.

Answer 17

erogenous

Question 18

What did Sigmund Freud believe could happen if our needs were delayed at a particular psychosexual stage?

Answer 18

we could become fixated at that stage

Question 19

What is the correct sequence of Freud’s psychosexual stages?

Answer 19

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 20

Sigmund Freud proposed that little boys’ fears that their fathers may retaliate against them for forbidden sexual and aggressive impulses may lead to:

Answer 20

castration anxiety

Question 21

According to Freud, a boy’s sexual attachment to his mother and jealousy of his father is called:

Answer 21

the Oedipus complex

Question 22

In which Freudian stage must boys resolve the Oedipus complex?

Answer 22

the phallic stage

Question 23

According to Jung, the memories and behavior patterns inherited from past generations are part of the:

Answer 23

collective unconscious

Question 24

According to Karen Horney, men had ________ envy.

Answer 24

womb

Question 25

The ________ view of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and it focuses on the effects of the environment on one’s behavior.

Answer 25

behaviorist

Question 26

According to Albert Bandura, a person’s expectancy about her or his skills and ability to accomplish a goal is known as:

Answer 26

self-efficacy

Question 27

Which attributes do Abraham Maslow’s and Carl Rogers’s theories have in common?

Answer 27

they believe that each human being is free to choose her or his own destiny

Question 28

According to Carl Rogers, anxiety and neurotic behaviors occur when:

Answer 28

there is mismatch between the real self and the ideal self

Question 29

In Carl Rogers’s theory, which term refers to our perception of our abilities, traits, and characteristics?

Answer 29

self-concept

Question 30

When you accept someone - faults and all - regardless of whether or not you like the individual or approve of her or his lifestyle, Rogers suggests that you are exhibiting:

Answer 30

unconditional positive regard

Question 31

A relatively consistent characteristic that exists across situations is called:

Answer 31

a personality trait

Question 32

Raymond Cattell originally proposed that there are ________ personality source traits.

Answer 32

16

Question 33

What are the Big Five personality traits?

Answer 33

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

Question 34

Interviews in which the interviewer asks questions about any material that comes up and asks follow-up questions whenever appropriate are known as ________ interviews.

Answer 34

unstructured

Question 35

A person's responses to a projective test are thought to reflect:

Answer 35

unconscious thoughts and feelings