Quiz 1

Question 1

What is the difference between parasagittal plane and sagittal?

Answer 1

parasagittal is front to back down the middle and sagittal is just any front to back slice

Question 2

______ neurons carry info towards CNS?

Answer 2

afferent

Question 3

______ neurons carry info away from CNS?

Answer 3

efferent

Question 4

Each segment of the spinal cord has?

Answer 4

1 pair of dorsal and ventral roots

Question 5

Dorsal horn contains _____ neurons?

Answer 5

sensory

Question 6

Ventral horn contains _____ neurons?

Answer 6

motor

Question 7

Which horn in spinal cord is the fatter looking one?

Answer 7

ventral

Question 8

What makes up the gray matter in the spinal cord?

Answer 8

dorsal/ventral horn, interneurons

Question 9

WHat makes up the white matter in the spinal cord?

Answer 9

bundles of ascending/descending axons

Question 10

What is the cerebellum important for?

Answer 10

balance and coordination of movements

Question 11

What is the medulla for?

Answer 11

regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory functions

Question 12

What is the pons for?

Answer 12

conveys info about movement from cerebral hemispheres to cerebellum

Question 13

What is the midbrain for?

Answer 13

coordination of visual and auditory reflexes

Question 14

Diencephalon is made up of?

Answer 14

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus

Question 15

What are the 3 types of macroglia?

Answer 15

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells

Question 16

Astrocytes are only found in?

Answer 16

CNS

Question 17

What is the main function of astrocytes?

Answer 17

maintain an appropriate
chemical environment for neuronal signaling

Question 18

Astrocytes provide _____ for neurons?

Answer 18

lactate (fuel)

Question 19

Higher conc. of Na+ ?

Answer 19

outside of the cell

Question 20

The Na+/K+ pump does?

Answer 20

3 Na out and 2 K in

Question 21

What are the tpyes of mechanical receptors?

Answer 21

stretch, pain, touch

Question 22

Threshold for action potential is?

Answer 22

-55 mV

Question 23

longer lambda means?

Answer 23

faster conduction velocity

Question 24

How do you calculate lambda?

Answer 24

the square root of (membrane resistance/axon cytoplasmic resistance)

Question 25

What are three things that make something a NT?

Answer 25

located in presynpatic, released w/depolarization (Ca2+ dependent), specific receptors must be present

Question 26

What are examples of small molecule neurotransmitters?

Answer 26

amino acids (glutamate), biogenic amines, purines (ATP, adenosine),

Question 27

What are examples of biogenic amines?

Answer 27

dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, epinephrine, histamine

Question 28

What are examples of neuropeptides?

Answer 28

opiods, somatostatin, oxytocin, neurokinin, glucagon

Question 29

What are some fast excitatory NT?

Answer 29

glutamate, ACh (nicotinic)

Question 30

What are some fast inhibitory NT?

Answer 30

GABA, glycine

Question 31

What are some slow modulatory NT?

Answer 31

biogenic amines, ACh (muscarinic), neuropepetideesW

Question 32

What direction is anterograde transport?

Answer 32

soma to axon

Question 33

Enzymes for NT syntehsis are produce in?

Answer 33

soma

Question 34

Where are NT made?

Answer 34

presynaptic terminal

Question 35

Transport into synaptic vesicles often needs?

Answer 35

ATP

Question 36

Why must NT be removed from synaptic cleft?

Answer 36

prevent desensitization of postsynaptic cell, prevent damage to postsynaptic cell

Question 37

How is glutamate removed?

Answer 37

reuptake by astrocytes

Question 38

How is dopamine and norepinephrine removed?

Answer 38

reuptake into presynaptic terminal

Question 39

How is acetylcholine removed?

Answer 39

enzymatic breakdown in synaptic cleft

Question 40

What poisons act on neuro muscular junction?

Answer 40

curare, sarin (nerve gas), botulism

Question 41

What causes myasthenia gravis?

Answer 41

autoimmune condition that attacks nicotinic ACh receptors

Question 42

What is a treatment for myasthenia gravis?

Answer 42

AChE inhibitor

Question 43

What is lambert-eaton syndrome?

Answer 43

affects transmission at NMJ, antibodies attakc calcium channels

Question 44

Alzheimers is a?

Answer 44

disruptions in normal function of cholinergic neurons

Question 45

Schizophrenia is caused by?

Answer 45

hyperdopaminergic hypothesis

Question 46

What is dopamine involved with?

Answer 46

motor activity, cognition, reward behaviour

Question 47

How do cocaine and amphethamines affect dopamine?

Answer 47

increase release and interfere with reuptake

Question 48

What does norepinephrine act on?

Answer 48

autonomic NS, diencephalon

Question 49

What is serotonin invovled in?

Answer 49

mood, pain, perception