Quiz #1 Flashcards

Question

Non arguments

Answer 1

Unstructured passages Structured passages

Answer 2

1. Statement of belief 2. Loosely associated statements 3. Report 4. Conditional statements

Answer 3

1. Expository passage 2. Illustrative passage 3. Explanatory passage

Answer 4

Conveys the speakers opinions about something

Answer 5

A collection of statements on the same general subject

Answer 6

A group of statements that convey information about some topic or event

Answer 7

A statement in the form of “if…. Then….”

Answer 8

Statement following the “if”

Answer 9

Component statement immediately following the “then”

Answer 10

Collection of statements that begins with a topic sentence followed by one or more sentences that develop or elaborate on it

Answer 11

Collection of statements consisting of a generalization together with one or more instances of this generation

Answer 12

A group of statements that purports to shed light on some event or phenomenon

Answer 13

Statement describing event or phenomenon

Answer 14

Statements that proport to do the explaining

Answer 15

Premise indicator Conclusion indicator

Answer 16

Indicates the statement that follows is a premises in the argument

Answer 17

Because. Since. For. Given that. As indicated by.

Answer 18

Indicates the statement which follows it is the conclusion

Answer 19

Therefore. This. Consequently. So hence. It follows that. As a result

Answer 20

1. List the premises first (labeled P sub1,Pv2…) and the conclusion labeled C last 2. Write the premises and conclusion in the form of separate declarative sentences 3. Eliminate all premise and conclusion indicators 4. Compound arrangements of statements in which the various components are all claimed to be true will be considered separate statements 5. Omit statements that are neither premises nor conclusions

Answer 21

1. List the premises first (labeled P sub1,Pv2…) and the conclusion labeled C last 2. Write the premises and conclusion in the form of separate declarative sentences 3. Eliminate all premise and conclusion indicators 4. Compound arrangements of statements in which the various components are all claimed to be true will be considered separate statements 5. Omit statements that are neither premises nor conclusions

Answer 22

That statement 1 supports statement 2

Answer 23

If taken separately they provide little or no support for (3), but taken together they do provide support. A single arrow from a brace encompassing 1 and 2 to 3 indicates this

Answer 24

Each would continue to support 5 in a he same way were the others omitted. Separate arrows from different group of numbers indicate independent premises

Answer 25

An arrow goes from (1) to a brace encompassing both 2 and 3

Answer 26

A type of bad argument that has proven to be regularly persuasive, that somehow creates an illustration to make it SEEM good

Answer 27

A type of bad argument that has proven to be regularly persuasive, that somehow creates an illustration to make it SEEM good

Answer 28

Occurs when 1 person advances an argument and another person responds by directing their attention to the person who made the argument instead of the argument itself

Answer 29

Occurs when 1 person advances an argument and another person responds by directing their attention to the person who made the argument instead of the argument itself

Answer 30

When a respondent uses abusive language against their argumentative opponent

Answer 31

When a respondent accuses their opponent of having a personal stake in the outcome of the dispute which entails the matters argument shouldn’t be taken seriously

Answer 32

When a respondent attempt to make their opponent appear to be hypocritical or arguing in bad faith Ex. Joe says smoking is bad. But he smokes. Hence smoking isn’t dangerous

Answer 33

Appeals to emotion Ad baculum, ad misericordiam, ad populum

Answer 34

Appeal to force Occurs when an arguer poses a conclusion to a disputant and tells them some harm will come to them unless they agree

Answer 35

Appeal to pity When an arguer attempts to support a conclusion by merely evoking pity from the reader or listener Ex. If dad went to jail i would be sad. Mom would lose her house. Dad doesn’t deserve to go to jail

Answer 36

Bandwagon When an arguer uses ppls desire to be loved, accepted, etc. To get listeners to accept a conclusion Ex. Kardashians believe the world is flat. U should too

Answer 37

Parts and members (Accident, hasty generalization, composition, division)

Answer 38

(Destroying the exception) When a general rule is applied to a specific case it was not intended to cover Ex. Regular exercise is essential to healthy lifestyle. Hence a diagnosis of pneumonia isn’t going to get you out of gym class

Answer 39

When a too small or unrepresentative sample of a population is used to justify a generalization about all or most members of that population Ex. My fam thinks i would be a great prince minister therefore Trudeau should worry about losing to me

Answer 40

When the conclusion of an argument depends on the erroneous transference of an attribute from the parts of something onto the whole Ex. Each brick is 50% silica. Therefore the whole wall is 50% silica

Answer 41

When the conclusion depends on the erroneous transference of an attribute from a whole into its parts Ex. Wall is 50% silica. It follows that each brick is 50% silica

Answer 42

Changing the subject (straw person, irrelevant conclusion, red herring)

Answer 43

Changing the subject (straw person, irrelevant conclusion, red herring)

Answer 44

Occurs when an arguer distorts an opponents argument for the purpose of more easily attacking it Ex. Always thinks Nova Scotians should be allowed to teach in Sask. he thinks students need to learn fishing from men with funny accents. That’s the last thing we need

Answer 45

Missing the point When the premises of an argument support one conclusion but a different often vaguely related conclusion is drawn Ex. Theft and robbery have been increasing. Therefore we should reinstate the death penalty

Answer 46

When the arguer diverts the attention of the listener by changing the subject to a different but subtly related one Ex. Statistics showing seatbelts make u safer are flawed. Forcing ppl to use seatbelts is an infringement of liberty. It’s the first step to authoritarian government

Answer 47

Weak induction (ad ignorantium, slippery slope)

Answer 48

Appeal to ignorance When the premises establish that a thesis of some kind has not been proven and, on that basis, it is concluded that the contrary must be correct Ex. No one has ever proved ghosts don’t exist. Therefore ghosts exist

Answer 49

When the conclusion rests upon an elleged chain reaction when there isn’t sufficient reason to think the chain reaction will occur Ex. If i stole ur credit card i would take out a bunch of money. Then i would buy an airplane and then i would fly to Sweden. And i would never talk to you again. And since im talking to you right now i didn’t steal your credit card

Answer 50

Presuppositions (Loaded question, false dilemma)

Answer 51

Complex question Occurs when a question is posed which contains a controversial presupposition

Answer 52

False dichotomy When an either/or premise is deployed which presents 2 unlikely alternatives as if they were the only ones available Ex. Either i deserve the Nobel prize for chem, or the laws of nature have changed. Therefore i deserve the Nobel prize bc the laws of nature didn’t change

Answer 53

Ambiguities Semantic ambiguity, amphiboly

Answer 54

Semantic ambiguity When the conclusion of an argument depends on the fact that a word or phrase is used in Two different senses in the argument Ex. Crows feathers are extremely light (weight and colour). Therefore the black bird cawing in the tree can’t be a crow

Answer 55

Amphiboly When the conclusion depends on the fact that a premise is ambiguous between 2 or more grammatical structures Ex. Officer smith arrested a suspect with an open bottle of whiskey in his hand. He should get reprimanded for drinking on the job