Quiz 1 Flashcards
When was the 1st Crusade called and when did it begin?
It was called in 1095 AD and began in 1096 AD.
What was going on in the 13th Century?
Mendicates: Movements in 1200s (Chastity, Poverty, Obedience).
Growth of nationhood.
Who caused the murder of Thomas Beckett and what was his family tree?
Henry II of England married Eleanor of Aquitaine and had two sons, Richard the Lionhearted and John.
What land did Henry II have?
He had England by birth and had France from marrying Eleanor.
What is Lay Investiture?
A king appointing his own bishops so he has power over the Church.
Henry II appointed Thomas Beckett as archbishop of where?
Canterbury.
When was Thomas Beckett an archbishop?
1162 AD - 1170 AD.
What does Henry II and Thomas Beckett have a conflict about?
The civil vs. ecclesiastical court system.
Thomas Becket leaves Canterbury to stay safe from the tension from Henry II, and he return when?
December 29th, 1170 AD.
What were the 4 consequences of Thomas Beckett’s death?
- Henry II lost a friend/advisor.
- Rebellions began in the north.
- Eleanor and her 2 sons reveled against Henry.
- Henry loses credibility in Rome.
What is a guild?
A corporation within a community.
What were the two advancements in the Agricultural Revolution?
- Letting a field lie fallow.
- The moldboard plow.
What was the Commercial Revolution?
Certain regions/nations/kingdoms began specializing in certain goods.
What is a University?
An intellectual guild.
What and when was the first university?
Bologna (1154 AD).
What was the Liberal Arts according to the Romans?
The skills a man needed to know to be free.
What were the Liberal Arts according to the Greeks?
Trivium:
1. Grammer.
2. Logic.
3. Rhetoric.
Quadrivium:
4. Arithmetic (number).
5. Geometry (space).
6. Music (number in time)
7. Astronomy (number in space and time).
What was offered at a Cathedral?
Theology (most important class).
Who was Pope Innocent III?
Born in 1160 AD, made pope in 1198 AD, and died in 1216 AD.
He approved the Franciscans and the Dominicans.
He reformed the Curia (body of men who helped elect the pope).
Called the Albigensian (belief that all matter is bad) Crusade in France.
What happened to John (son of Henry II) in 1202 AD?
Philip II of France saw that John was financially weak, and so he stripped John of his lands in France that were once his father’s. John could not, at the time, fight back due to his lack of money and power.
He then began to pressure monks in Canterbury to obey him, and he gets excommunicated by Pope Innocent III, and his only penance is to make England a fief of Rome.
What was the hierarchy of the population of people during that time?
King - Duke - Baron - Count (altogether was 10% of the population) - Serfs/Peasants (the other 90% of the population).
