Luther and Calvin Flashcards
When does Luther rebel from the Catholic Church?
1517-1520
Who was a supporter of Luther during his early rebellion?
Frederick, the Duke of Saxony, over Wittenburge (Luther’s home town).
What was Luther deemed from 1521-1524?
A Heretic.
What significant event occurred at the Diet of Worms in 1521?
Charles V tried to expose Luther politically.
What happened to Luther after the Diet of Worms?
He was captured by Frederick and hidden in Wittenburg from April 1521-March 1522 for Luther’s own protection.
What, regarding Luther (who was absent due to being in hiding), happened at Edict of Worms?
A bounty was placed on Luther’s head.
What period is Luther known as a Reformer?
1524-1546
What were three works that Luther produced while he was in hiding?
- “An Address to the German Nobility” (August) - Noblemen in Germany should take authority over German churches.
- “On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church” (October) - He believed the Catholic Church was taken captive by Rome.
- “On Christian Freedom” (November) - To persuade Pope Leo X and Roman Catholics about the Reformation’s consistency with the truth of the Holy Scriptures.
What act of rebellion to the Catholic Church did Philip Melancthon perform on December 25th, 1521?
What were Luther’s thoughts on it?
The Christmas Day Service:
- There were no vestments, no crucifix, and the pastor faced towards the people.
Luther hated this service and came out of hiding because of it.
What did Philip Melancthon begin that Luther opposed?
Iconoclasm: The destruction of images.
What happened to Luther in November 1520?
He was excommunicated.
What are Luther’s Solas?
- Scriptura (Scripture Alone).
- Fide (Faith Alone).
- Gratia (Grace Alone).
When did Charles V establish a principle to solve the issue of the Holy Roman Empire not being spiritually united? What was it?
1530: “Cuius regio, eius religio” - “Who’s the region, his the religion”.
The princes were allowed to choose the religion for their domain.
What is the Augsburg Confession?
Lutheran confession, creed, and catechism
In what year did Luther die?
1546
What effects did Luther/Lutheranism have?
- Luther began the Reformation.
- Lutheranism is popular in present day.
- Caused political uprising
Who is known as the Reformer, and what did he start?
John Calvin, staring Calvinism.
What was Calvin’s theological stance to Catholicism?
He rejected everything relating to Catholicism.
When was John Calvin born?
July 10th, 1509
Where, when and why did Calvin study theology?
University of Paris, initially to study theology (1523) in hopes of becoming a priest.
What did Calvin begin studying in 1527 and why?
His father asked him to become a lawyer, so Calvin dropped theology and began studying law.
What popular movement influenced Calvin’s studies in 1531?
Humanism, where he then began studying classical culture.
What prompted Calvin to flee to Germany? What was the Protestant Promulgation?
Fear for his life after befriending Nicolas Cop, who had publicly criticized Catholicism in France.
Protestant Promulgation: Francis I, after seeing posters of protestant heroes in his palace, killed about 800 protestant/protestant supporters in the following 2 weeks.
Where was Calvin found in 1534 after he fled the Protestant Promulgation?
Geneva, Switzerland.
What was Calvin’s life’s work and when did he write it?
“The Apologia” - 1st draft.
1536-1559: “Institutes of the Christian Religion” - final work.
What is the acronym that summarizes Calvin’s teachings? What are they based off of? What do the letters stand for?
Based off of scripture and faith alone - T.U.L.I.P.:
T. Total Depravity: The world is evil and irredeemable.
U. Unconditional Election: The Elect (the saved Christians).
L. Limited Atonement: Christ only died for the Elect.
I. Irresistible Grace: If one is part of the Elect, they can never leave.
P. Predestination: Everyone’s fate of heaven or hell is predetermined.
How did Calvin view God?
As a Judge, not as a Father
What type of government did Geneva adopt under Calvin?
Theocracy: Church and state are one.
- God is the highest authority who governs the city through a legislative body called the Magistrates.
What are the requirements to become a Magistrate in Calvin’s Theocracy in Geneva?
- High status in society.
- Must be a master of scripture.
- Must be elected by the Magistrates.
What are some behaviors that would’ve been illegal in Calvin’s Theocracy?
- Gluttony.
- Drinking alcohol.
- Dancing.
What concept did Calvin introduce regarding the world?
Desacralization: The world is fallen and is not supposed to be holy; only heaven is holy.
