Quiz 1 Flashcards
A scientist who studies the behavior of animals is called a(n)…
Ethologist
Which of the following contains only endoparasitic species?
Apicomplexa
A _____ species, defined as a set of organisms with a similar phenotype to each other, but a different phenotype from other sets of organisms. It includes a numerical measure of distance or similarity to cluster entities based on multivariate comparisons of a reasonably large number of phenotypic traits.
Phenetic Species Concept
Causes Chagas’ disease
Trypanosoma cruzi
A disease that normally infects animals, but is also capable of causing disease in humans, is referred to as what type of disease?
Zoonosis
What is the entire circular unit called in a bone cross section?
Osteon
What is the central dark hole called? (bone)
Haversian Canal
Which primary tissue type does bone represent?
Connective Tissue
What is the structure that resembles a dash in bone?
Lacuna
Striated, non-branched muscle - What type of muscle is this?
Skeletal
What are the purple dots called? (skeletal muscle)
Nuclei
Is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary?
Voluntary
Where is skeletal muscle located?
Muscles of locomotion
Which of the following is a disease causing zoomastigophoran?
Giardia intestinalis
Certain members of the phylum Pyrrophyta produce toxins that collect in mollusks, and other marine organisms. As a result of toxin build up, marine animals such as marine mammals, and even humans that consume these shellfish, can suffer paralysis of the respiratory tract and die. This toxic buildup in certain organisms in the food chain that tend to have significant domino effects is commonly referred to as…
Bioaccumulation
A group of taxa derived from two or more different ancestors is considered:
Polyphyletic
You are serving in the U.S. Peace Corps in Cameroon, Africa. Since you have some training as a biologist in emerging disease, the government further trained you in the skills of microscopy, phlebotomy, and performance and interpretation of basic blood tests. While performing a series of blood smears on members of a local tribe, you observe the presence of tiny, flagellated microorganisms among (not inside) the erythrocytes. It is determined that a number of individuals have evidence of insect bite marks around the eyes/mouth, and indicate that there are many mosquitoes and biting flies in the area. No one in the village has mosquito nets to cover them while sleeping. Some of the pts have slipped into a coma-like sleep and cannot wake up. When the medical staff sits down to discuss the cases, you are asked for your input. Which parasite spp do you think may be responsible for these infections?
Trypanosoma brucei
Fossil specimens of the mammal-like reptile Lystrosaurus have been found in stratigraphic rock along the east coast of S. America, W Africa, and along the Antarctic continent. Which of the following accounts for the occurrence of this genus in 3 such physically disparate geographic locations?
Continental Drift
Where are protists not found?
None of the above (found everywhere)
Which scientific field seeks geo-physical explanations for disjunct distributions of organisms?
Vicariance Biogeography
Which “isotope” of analysis was used to assess climate change in the Cenozoic
Oxygen
When early comparative anatomists, such as George Cuvier, examined fossil specimens of Ichthyosaurs (fish lizards), extant sharks and modern dolphins, a potential misconception in constructing a phylogeny that included all three of these animal groups was based on similar morphology. In fact, similar anatomical solutions to similar environmental/habitat conditions occur in distantly related taxa. What are these similar anatomical features called?
Analogous Structures
You are responsible for collection of stool samples and the performance of fecal flotations. While processing “samples” in search of a parasite ova, you detect the presence of numerous cysts roughly 10-20 microns in diameter, that almost look like faces, plus you see some trophozoites that are flagellated and are almost cute, also like faces. Upon cross-referencing the pt hxs, you note that all individuals got their drinking water from a new well, and the water wasn’t treated with chlorine or boiled before they drank it. There are abundant wild animals, including Nutria, which are like beavers. You also see that these “cyst” positive pts all had abdominal cramping and profuse, somewhat greenish diarrhea with a lot of flatulence. When you write up your interpretation of the fecal smear and floatation results, which of the following organisms do you indicate as the cause of these infections?
Giardia lamblia
The ancestral character states for a taxon are called…
Plesiomorphies
The delineation of spp based on percent sequence divergence of the cytochrome b gene using the “Molecular Clock” would be which of the following:
Genetic Species Concept
When all individuals of a population in a specific geographic locality are essentially “wiped out” and no longer occur in that location (e.g., Tasmanian Devils used to be on mainland Australia, but due to overhunting, Dingoes, and disease (DTFD), they are only on Tasmania & Maria Island), that population is referred to as…
Extirpated
The species concept, historically used in paleontological studies, where the sp is a group of organisms in which individuals conform to certain fixed properties (a type), and they are compared to the designated “holotype” which is the basis for the designation of the spp.
Typological Species Concept
Which type of symbiosis is seen between lichens and cyanobacteria?
Mutualism
Which of the following is a disease causing rhizopodan?
Entamoeba histolytica
Blood is the habitat of which of the following?
Trypanosoma cruzi
A scientist who studies birds is called a(n)…
Ornithologist
Natural selection is not a random process. It occurs in response to environmental selective pressures and results in adaptation. (T/F)
True
A scientist who studies the systematics and evolution of reptiles and amphibians is called a(n)…
Herpetologist
The ability for a mammal to maintain constant internal conditions (e.g., temperature) despite fluctuating external environmental conditions is called…
Homeostasis
African Sleeping Sickness
Trypanosoma brucei
The ability to generate metabolic heat, and maintain a high constant body temperature despite fluctuating external temperatures is called…
Homeothermic endothermy
A “Biological Species” may be best defined as which of the following?
A group of phenotypically similar individuals who freely interbreed under natural conditions and are reproductively isolated from other such groups.
Natural chalk, such as that found forming the White Cliffs of Dover, is composed of tests of…
Foraminiferans
A pathogen is an organism (can be a virus, bacteria, or protozoan) that is capable of causing a diseased state in an immunocompetent host. (T/F)
True
When attempting to reconstruct the evolutionary hx of an organism, or group of organisms, it is generally good practice to utilize more than one type of data/character set, and or more than one type of analysis.
True
When two spp live in close association and one is harmed by the association, the relationship is categorized as…
Parasitic
The number and variety of spp, ecological systems, and the genetic and phenotypic variability they contain may be defined as…
Biodiversity
The field that studies the geographic distribution of plants is called…
Phytogeography
A sp that plays a major role in determining the structure of its ecological community is…
Keystone species
When two biological species have identical resource requirements, there will be fierce competition where one sp will always win out over the other sp. As a result, no two spp may occupy the same fundamental, ecological niche. The term for this is referred to as…
The Competitive Exclusion Principle
A group of taxa that consists of a common ancestor and all of its descendants is considered:
Monophyletic
Plants that are vascular, produce seeds, but do not flower or produce fruit.
Gymnosperms
Entamoeba coli captures food by means of…
Pseudopods
