Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOETHICS > QUIZ #1 > Flashcards

QUIZ #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Issues on Contraception, its Morality,
and Ethico-moral Responsibility of
Nurses

A

a. Contraception
b. Abortion
c. Artificial Insemination
d. In-vitro Fertilization and Sex
Selection
e. Surrogate Motherhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Human Sexuality?

A
  • The properties that distinguish
    organisms on the basis of their
    reproductive roles.
  • A person’s tendency of sexual attraction,
    especially whether heterosexual
  • The constitution of an individual in
    relation to sexual attitudes or activity.
  • This is a broad concept that includes
    aspects of the physical, psychological,
    social, emotional, and spiritual MAKEUP
    of an individual.
  • It is not limited to the physical or
    biological reproductive elements and behavior but encompasses the manner in which individuals use their own roles, relationships, values, customs, and gender.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Biologically, how is Human sexuality defined?

A

an aggregate of characteristics that
differentiates between the two types or
parts of the organism which reproduce
by means of the fusion of gametes and
which thus also create a connection of
genetic material from two different
sources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Psychologically, how is Human sexuality defined?

A

sexuality is the behavior directly associated with the meeting of the two genders – and in
some species with copulation – which
can lead to fertilization (Broadhurst 1980)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an individually expressed and highly
personal phenomenon that evolves from
life experiences?

A

Human Sexuality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are factors that influence a person’s sexuality and lead to the wide range of attitudes and behaviors seen in humans?

A

Physiological, psychosocial, and cultural
factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What factors determines human sexuality?

A
  • cultural
  • political
  • legal
  • philosophical aspects of life
  • morality
  • ethics
  • theology
  • spirituality
  • religion.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a topic of universal concern?

A

Sexual morality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In theological (conservative) view:
What are the values of Human Sexuality?

A

a. physical pleasure;
b. the expression of intimate love;
c. the transmission of life to a
new generation;
d. a paradigm and symbol of more universal
forms of love.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the view of the liberal sexual moralist?

A

Rejects exclusiveness of sex
- it need not be restrictive
- one can carry on meaningful
love affairs simultaneously with
more than one person
- Disagrees with the assumption
that sex should be connected
with feelings of love and affection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is conducive to human happiness, it will be claimed, that such individuals be
permitted to obtain whatever gratification
they can from their sexual desires,
without the burden of moral guilt, as long
as they do not impose their sexuality
involuntarily, hurtfully, or deceitfully upon
others?

A

The liberal sexual moralist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a legally and socially
sanctioned union, usually between a
man and a woman, that is regulated by
laws, rules, customs, beliefs, and
attitudes that prescribe the rights and
duties of the partners and accords
status to their offspring (if any)?

A

Marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The universality of marriage within
different societies and cultures is
attributed to the many basic social and
personal functions for which it provides
structure, such as sexual gratification
and regulation, division of labor between
the sexes, economic production and
consumption, and satisfaction of
personal needs for affection, status, and
companionship

A

Marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

is an agreement between two persons
by which they grant each other equal
reciprocal rights, each of them
undertaking to surrender the whole of
their person to the other with a complete
right of disposal over it

A

Marriage (According to Kant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which philosopher states that Marriage, is an agreement between two persons
by which they grant each other equal
reciprocal rights, each of them
undertaking to surrender the whole of
their person to the other with a complete
right of disposal over it?

A

Kant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types/Forms of Marriages

A

● Exchange marriage
● Group marriage
● Polygyny
● Polyandry
● Polygamy
● Tree marriage
● Common-law marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A form of marriage involving an
arranged and reciprocal exchange of
spouses between two groups

A

● Exchange marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

A form of marriage where
three or more adults live together,
sharing almost all aspect

A

● Group marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A form of marriage in which two or more
women share a husband

A

● Polygyny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A form of marriage where a woman to two or
more men at the same time

A

● Polyandry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A type of marriage where having more than one wife or husband at the same time

A

● Polygamy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  • a form of symbolic marriage
    between a human and a tree that is
    said to be infused with supernatural
    life
A

● Tree marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A type of marriage where one in which the couple lives
together for a period of time and
holds themselves out to friends,
family and the community as “being
married

A

● Common-law marriage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the different marriage principles?

A

CHOOSE
CARE FOR SELF
KNOW
CARE
SHARE
MANAGE
CONNECT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A marriage principle in which making decisions to create and strengthen healthy
relationships
- couples making decision in relationship

A

CHOOSE

26
Q

A marriage principle - Physical wellness
- Mental and emotional well-being
- Spiritual wellness

A

CARE FOR SELF

27
Q

A marriage principle where personality, passions, plans and priorities,
previous partners, perspective talking,
problem solving, past family experiences, physical health, parenting experience, provider potential

A

KNOW

28
Q

A marriage principle
- Cultivating positivity through thoughts and actions
- Relationship building

A

CARE

29
Q

A marriage principle
- Shared trust, friendship and love
- Learn together and grow together
- Meaningful quality time, creating a couple
identity, positive interactions

A

SHARE

30
Q

A marriage principle
- Handling relationship differences in healthy ways

A

MANAGE

31
Q

A marriage principle
- Connections may become a web of support during challenges

A

CONNECT

32
Q

Sexual faculties have one true end, what is that?

A

procreation

33
Q

Who stated the phrase, “Sex is pleasurable but it is pleasurable in order to fulfil this end.”

A
  • St. Aquinas, Natural Law Theory
34
Q

What is independent of desires, wants,
reasons, hopes, fears etc.

A

Outcome

35
Q

According to St. Aquinas, Natural Law Theory. What are considered as wrong?

A
  • premarital sex
  • masturbation
  • bestiality
  • contraception
  • homosexual acts
  • pornography
  • adultery
36
Q

According to St. Aquinas, Natural Law Theory. WHat is sex?

A
  • sex is morally permissible within the context of a heterosexual, lifelong, and monogamous marriage
  • Any sexual act outside these contexts is morally wrong
  • When treating others as objects and not
    treating them as a whole person and hence we are acting immorally
37
Q

Actions are morally right if and only they maximize the good (holds that the most ethical choice is the one that will produce the greatest good for the greatest number)

A

Utilitarianism

38
Q

Utilitarianism does not rule out an act on the basis of it being a particular act.

A
  • If Utilitarianism is correct we cannot say
    that any particular sex act is always
    wrong
  • Premarital sex, or homosexual sex, or
    masturbation, or oral sex can be morally
    acceptable
39
Q
  • Few questions and qualifications that need
    to be made.
A
  1. sex will typically lead to pleasure that
    does not mean that Utilitarianism is
    committed to the claim that the act of
    having sex is always good.
  2. just because sex is typically pleasurable
    it does not mean Utilitarianism is
    committed to the claim that we have a
    duty to have as much sex as possible
  3. heterosexual sex within a marriage
    might be morally wrong if there has
    been coercion or
    threats, or just a general unhappiness
    with perfunctory sex.
    - where almost any other activity
    would bring about more happiness.
  4. adultery or having multiple sexual
    partners can be morally acceptable.
    - the overall happiness is increased
    if a married couple agree to have sex
    with other people to keep their own
    marriage fun and interesting
    - someone who is generally not
    interested in, or does not have time for,
    a long-term relationship is happier
    with mutually consenting multiple sexual
  5. considering various sex acts because of
    his distinction between higher and lower
    pleasures.
    - some pleasures are qualitatively
    distinct from others and thus outweigh
    other, lower, pleasures
40
Q

Who is this philosopher that introduced the definition of Perverted Sex?

A

Thomas Nagel

41
Q

What is (sexual activities that violate
the single purpose of reproduction) is not
necessarily regarded as “morally wrong”
- It has everything to do with their ability to
foster intersubjective relationships at the
psychological level

A

Perverted sex

42
Q

Who stated/defined these, Sexual interactions are the result of a complex process in which two people recognize that they each, individually desire the other and that they each, individually are the object of the other’s bodily desire?

A

Thomas Nagel (Perverted Sex)

43
Q

For Nagel, perverted sexual encounters or
events would be those

A

in which mutual recognition of arousal is absent

44
Q
  • “Double reciprocal incarnation”
    would be absent (Perverted Sex)
A

o Intent or results of the sexual encounter are not important
o It did not imply that it is
limited to heterosexual contacts

45
Q

According to Nagel (Perverted Sex), what activities must be regarded as Perversions?

A
  • prostitution
  • fetishism
  • pedophilia
  • necrophilia
46
Q

uses the idea of function and goal to ground a
“conservative” view of sex

A

The Natural Law Theorist

47
Q

Kantian also uses the idea of _________
and _______ for a person to ground a
conservative view of sex, with a splash
of _______ about the unbefitting
nature of sexual desire thrown in for
good measure.

A

autonomy; respect; pessimism

48
Q

Two theories that are less
pessimistic and, as with their views on
the other issues, more open to see what
arises in different situations

A

Utilitarianism and Virtue Theory

49
Q
  • Same-sex affection Men or women who
    are attracted to individuals of the same sex
A

Homosexuality

50
Q
  • Traditionally exclusively referred to
    women who are attracted to other women
A

Lesbian

51
Q
  • Individuals who are attracted to
    both men and women
A

Bisexual

52
Q
  • sexual, romantic or emotional
    attraction towards people regardless of their
    sex or gender identity
A

Pansexual

53
Q
  • Re-appropriated (in recent years)
    by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender
    (LGBT) persons and others to
    denote a general self-identification as
    non-heterosexual or non-cis-gender
A

Queer

54
Q
  • a condition in which a person,
    usually heterosexual in orientation, is more
    comfortable sexually while wearing
    clothing symbolic of the opposite sex
A

Transvestism

55
Q
  • strong desire to change one’s
    anatomical gender, either on purpose or due
    to indistinct anatomy
A

Transsexualism

56
Q

Debates about homosexuality, often
involve _________ and _______, tend
to be sharply polarized

A

public policy; legal issues

57
Q

Which theorists argues for gays
and lesbians having a reduced legal status,
and queer theorists engaged in critique and
deconstruction of what they see as a
heterosexist regime

A

NATURAL LAW theorists

58
Q

Who stated, “ While sexual orientations may not be
chosen, in many cases, what behaviors
people exhibit in response to their
orientations are chosen, and such behaviors
can be evaluated morally.”

A

D. Moskovitz, 2001

59
Q

_______ believe that homosexuality
should be outlawed and many _______ believe that homosexuals should be given special rights

A

Conservatives; liberals

60
Q

WHere is individual rights grounded at?

A

nature of human beings

61
Q

The universality of marriage within
different societies and cultures is
attributed to what?

A

many basic social and
personal functions for which it provides
structure

62
Q

basic social and
personal functions for which it provides
structure

A

sexual gratification
and regulation, division of labor between
the sexes, economic production and
consumption, and satisfaction of
personal needs for affection, status, and
companionship.

BIOETHICS (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions