MIDTERM EXAM Flashcards
What is ETHICAL/MORAL PRINCIPLES
-Statements about broad general, philosophical
concepts
* Provide the foundation for moral rules which
are specific prescriptions for action
* Useful for ethical decisions
What are the examples ETHICAL/MORAL PRINCIPLES
- AUTONOMY
- NONMALEFICENCE
- BENEFICENCE
- FIDELITY
4.5. Justice - VERACITY
- ACCOUNTABILITY
- RESPONSIBILITY
➢ Right to make one’s own decisions
➢ Each client is unique
○ Has the right to be who that
individual is & right to choose
personal goals
➢ Nurses must treat clients with
consideration
Autonomy
RESTRICTIONS/LIMITATION
➢ If there is potential harm to self or others
➢ communicable diseases or acts of
violence
ELEMENTS or Parts of Autonomy
A. PATIENT’S RIGHTS
B. PATIENT’S BILL OF RIGHTS
C. INFORMED CONSENT
CONFIDENTIALITY
PRIVACY
Proxy Consent
A. PATIENT’S RIGHTS
○ Right to Appropriate Medical
Care and Humane Treatment.
○ Right to Informed Consent.
○ Right to Privacy and
Confidentiality.
○ Right to Information.
○ The Right to Choose Health Care
Provider and Facility.
○ Right to Self-Determination.
○ Right to Religious Belief.
○ Right to Medical Records.
○ Right to Leave.
○ Right to Refuse Participation In
Medical Research.
○ Right to Correspondence and to
Receive Visitors.
○ Right to Express Grievances.
○ Right to be Informed of His
Rights and Obligations as a
Patient.
a document that provides patients with
information on how they can reasonably
expect to be treated during the course of
their hospital stay.
PATIENT’S BILL OF RIGHTS
➢ specific wording varies from hospital to
hospital, most bills of rights include the
following focus areas:
○ High-quality hospital care
○ A clean and safe treatment
environment
○ Involvement in care o Protection
of patients’ privacy
○ Help with patients’ billing and
insurance claims
○ Preparing for the end of patients’
hospital visits
- Agreement by
a client to accept a course of treatment
or a procedure after being provided
complete information, including the
benefits and risks of treatment,
alternatives to treatment option that the
patient wishes to receive or not to
receive
INFORMED CONSENT
Two types of Consent:
Express
Implied
What is usually naa sa INFORMED CONSENT?
complete information, including the
benefits and risks of treatment,
alternatives to treatment
3 major elements of informed consent:
- Consent must be given voluntarily.
- Consent must be given by a client or
individual with the capacity &
competence to understand. - Client or individual must be given
enough information to be the ultimate
decision maker
Parts of Informed Consent
● The diagnosis or condition that requires
treatment
● The purposes of the treatment
● What the client can expect to feel or
experience
● The intended benefits of the treatment
● Possible risks or negative outcomes of
the treatment
● Advantages and disadvantages of
possible alternatives to the treatment
(including no treatment)
➢ The process by which people with the
legal right to consent to medical
treatment for themselves or for a minor or a ward, delegate that right to another
person.
D. PROXY CONSENT
3 fundamental constraints:
- The person making the delegation must
have the right to consent - The person must be legally & medically
competent to delegate the right to
consent - The right to consent must be delegated
to a legally & medically competent adult
- keeping of another person or entity’s information private
CONFIDENTIALITY
➢ refers to the right of an individual to
keep his or her health information
private
➢ the right of individuals to withhold
themselves and their lives from public
scrutiny
○ right to be left alone
PRIVACY
What law protects confidentiality of the patient?
Data Privacy Act - RA 10173, 2012
➢ “do no harm”
➢ Not placing someone at risk of harm &
unintentionally causing harm
Nonmaleficence
➢ “doing good”
➢ Implement actions that benefit clients
Beneficence
➢ Fairness
➢ Weigh the facts carefully in order to
divide time or services justly
Justice
➢ loyalty
➢ Faithful to agreements and promises
➢ involves loyalty, truthfulness, promise
keeping, advocacy and respect
➢ Nurses have responsibility to clients,
employers, government, profession,
society and to themselves
Fidelity
➢ Truth telling
➢ Having Integrity
➢ Professional accountability &
responsibility
Veracity
➢ answerable to oneself and others for
one’s own actions.
➢ means you are liable or answerable for
one’s actions. In order to be responsible,
you must be accountable and vice versa
Accountability