Quiz 1 Flashcards
Species richness
How many species can live in one area
Species and Biological Species Concept
a species is a group of similar organisms that interbreed and produce viable and fertile offspring and are reproductively isolated from other species (this is the concept)
Taxonomy
The science of naming and classifying living organisms based on features and characteristics (physical and genetic)
Biological nomenclature
The system, or language, to use when naming organisms, in latin because its a dead language and will not change
Carolus Linnaeus
1700’s, latinized species which created biological nomenclature, wrote the book “the system of nature”
Hierarchical taxonomic categories
Drunk Katie Perry Comes Over For Grape Soda
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
Broadest——————————————most specific
example: Eukarya, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Danus, Danus plexipuss
Taxa/Taxon
a term used to group related organisms at ANY of those different categoric levels
Scientific name
-italicized and uppercase first word, lowercase second
-can abbreviate to first letter of first word
ex: D. plexippus
Binomen
2 names
Phylogeny
A way to classify organisms- drawn out like a family tree that describes the hypothesized evolutionary history of a species or a group
Basis for Classification
specific features and characteristics on or in organisms or phylum
what features are on a Phylogenetic Tree?
contains tips, lines, nodes, MRCA
Sister Taxa
Two taxa coming from the same MRCA node
Branch Point/Node
show connections of taxa on the phylogenetic tree
Common Ancestor
An ancestor that two or more descendants have in common
MRCA
The most recent common ancestor (the node connecting 2 taxa)
Tree of Life
A tree of all living organisms that shows they are all related
Eukaryote
Cells that have nucleus inclosed in nuclear envelope (in plants and animals)
Multicellular
in plants and animals
Cell walls
in plants, not in animals because animals have flexible membranes instead
Motile
Plants can’t move, animals are motile because of neuromuscular system
Heterotrophs
“other feeder”- consume organisms that produce glucose or ate something else that with glucose, animals
Autotrophs
create energy from the sun into sugar using photosynthesis, plants
What challenges do organisms living in deserts face?
-lack of water
-lack of vegetation/food (little biodiversity)
-heat/sun
-no protection
-extreme weather changes throughout day/night
-sand in respiratory system