Lab 1: Stream Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

Aquatic macroinvertebrates

A

animals without a backbone that live in the water and can be seen with the naked eye

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2
Q

Benthic

A

bottom-dwelling (where most stream dwelling macro invertebrates live

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3
Q

Riffles

A

typically the shallower, faster-flowing areas of a stream characterized by higher levels of dissolved oxygen and substrates such as stones and gravel that often create “white water”- where most benthic macro invertebrates are concentrated

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4
Q

Runs

A

fairly fast-flowing areas of a stream but a bit deeper and less turbulent

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5
Q

Pools

A

Deeper holes, often have a soft silty substrate, where the water is slow moving so it contains less oxygen

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6
Q

Arthropods (benthic macroinverebrate in NE Iowa streams)

A

insects

PHYLUM: arthropod: has an exoskeleton

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7
Q

Mollusks (benthic macroinverebrate in NE Iowa streams)

A

clams and snails

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8
Q

annelids (benthic macroinverebrate in NE Iowa streams)

A

segmented worms

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9
Q

Dominant forms of macro invertebrates in freshwater streams are…

A

aquatic insects in their immature forms

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10
Q

Five major groups of feeders

A

grazers/scrapers, shredders, collector-gatherers, collector-filterers, and predators

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11
Q

grazers/scrapers

A

feed on algae growing on surfaces

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12
Q

shredders

A

consume leaf litter and larger organic materials

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13
Q

collector-gatherers

A

collect find (<1mm) organic matter from the bottom

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14
Q

collector-filterers

A

collect fine (<1mm) organic matter from water

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15
Q

predators

A

eat and kill other organisms

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16
Q

What is the best biotic indicators for assessing overall stream health and why?

A

Macroinverebrates, especially immature aquatic insects, because they tend to use particular habitats reliably and are adapted for living in those habitats.

17
Q

What limits survival of Macroinverebrates, especially immature aquatic insects?

A

Their survival is limited by the

-availability of food
-water temp
-levels of dissolved oxygen
-stream current
-presence or absence of predators
-depth and type of substrate

18
Q

What is an early warning signs of stream degradation?

A

Benthic macroinverebrates populations changing because they change in response to the limiting factors of their survival

19
Q

What is needed for a stream bioassessment?

A

The level of diversity of organisms collected and known pollution tolerance of the organisms collected

20
Q

Who developed the “biotic index” to asses water quality by looking at where particular species were found in streams in Iowa?

A

The Iowa Department of Natural Resources (2010)

21
Q

Taxa with a score of 3 are found…

A

in streams with NO organic pollution or nutrients (e.g. manure, sewage, nitrates)

22
Q

Taxa with a score of 1 are found…

A

in highly polluted streams

23
Q

Objectives of Lab 1

A

-collect environmental data (temp and dissolved oxygen) from one of two streams
-collect the benthic macroinveretbrates from a riffle in assigned stream
-ID all types of invertebrates present in sample

24
Q

Materials used for lab 1

A

-knee boots
-D-net
-plastic wash basin

25
Q

Many of organisms collected will be….

A

immature larval or nymph stages of insects (phylum: Arthropoda, class: Insecta)

26
Q

Snails and clams are in the phylum…

A

Mollusca

27
Q

segmented worms are in the phylum…

A

Annelida

28
Q

Whats the most abundant benthic macroinvertebrate and what classifies them?

A

Insects
-3 body regions (head, thorax, abdomen) NOT 3 SEGMENTS
-one pair of antennae
-3 pairs of “true” legs attached to thorax
-may also have fleshy bumps on abdomen called ‘prolegs’
-adults have 0,1, or 2 pairs of wings