Quiz 1

Question 1

Supplies needed for calving prep

Answer 1

Bucket/soap/ paper towels
Sleeve and lube
Chain and handles/ calf puller
Iodine
Esophageal feeding bag
Syringes needles, antibiotics,electrolytes 
Oxytocin
Milk replacer/ colostrum replacer

Question 2

Facility needs for calving

Answer 2

Head chute
Halter
Gates for isolating
Ear tagger

Question 3

First stage of parturition

Answer 3

Preparation stage
Cow hormones changing, calf needs to be positioned correctly
Estradiol and oxytocin involved in cervix dilation
Mild uterine contractions and cervix and fully dilated

Question 4

Observable signs of first stage

Answer 4

Not very hungry
By itself
Restless
Vulva swollen and pink

Question 5

Second stage of parturition

Answer 5

Action stage
Stimulated by estrogen and oxytocin
Abdominal contractions visible
Tip of hoof, white membrane visible
Delivery of fetus

Question 6

Allantochorion

Answer 6

Membrane that holds fetus waste products, delivery soon after fetus is born

Question 7

Stage 2

Answer 7

Very short period of time 30 min-2 hours , first calf heifers take longer
Mucus plug that prevents microbes starts to solubize

Question 8

Third stage of parturition

Answer 8

Uterine contractions decrease
-influenced by oxytocin
Detaching of placenta
May be 1-12 hours

Question 9

Factors affecting Dystocia

Answer 9

Age of dam (most important)
Calf body size/ weight (most difficulty due to)
Dam genetics, body size and pelvic area
Nutrition of dam/ body condition
Position of calf (less than 5%)

Question 10

Normal gestation

Answer 10

285 days

Question 11

When delivery needs assistance

Answer 11

Know normal behavior so know when it’s changing
If water bag visible for over 30 min
If in labor for several hours and fatigued
If calf head or tongue is swollen

Question 12

How long to wait

Answer 12

Give self enough time to figure out and vet to figure out

30 min window to solve

Question 13

Viability of Calf

Answer 13

Hold leg, should withdrawal
If head there, stick finger back to tongue, should suckle
Blink reflex of eye is visible

Question 14

When pulling out

Answer 14

Arch calf down

Question 15

Normal presentation

Answer 15

Tips of feet pointing up, if backward tips of feet are pointing down
Head tucked between two front legs

Question 16

Behavior of cow and calf

Answer 16

Hormones initiate and drive maternal behavior and cause to be receptive toward cow
Stimuli affect maternal behavior
Oxytocin is key for initiating maternal behavior
-facilitates memory and recognition

Question 17

C section affects

Answer 17

Not as intense maternal behavior
Initial birth kept in memory
Not as much oxytocin released due to less contraction
If some tranquilizers used, may not release oxytocin

Question 18

Postparturient behavior

Answer 18

Smell helps cow identify calf as her own, sac could stimulate
Make sure cow can see and hear calf if she is still laying down

Question 19

Calf behavior

Answer 19

Nudging at calf stimulates calf
Finding test helps it remember, programs to this
Should be standing

Question 20

Managing newborn calf

Answer 20

Make sure it is dry and warm, calf has limited energy stored so will use at a faster rate
Dip naval in iodine
Make sure calf has nursed
Ear tag

Question 21

Post calving management-death of calf

Answer 21

Most common death from scours/ disease
Injury
Vaccinate viral pneumonia

Question 22

Color of stool

Answer 22

White = bacteria issue
Yellow= nutritional issue

Question 23

Treating Scours

Answer 23

Supplement electrolytes to keep hydrated, isolate with mom

Oral antibotics

Question 24

Prevent scours

Answer 24

Clean environment
Colostrum
Adequate nutrition
Vaccinate cow before birth

Question 25

Treating pneumonia

Answer 25

Isolate
Temp calf, will be elevated
Check respiration
Give antibiotics

Question 26

Prevent pneumonia

Answer 26

Ventilation is most important, helps knock out pathogens and compounds in manure
Appropriate nutrition so immunity can be built
Can treat cow, calf will get from colostrum