Beef Quiz 6 Flashcards
yearling stocker program
manage cattle growth prior to going to feedlot to finish
400-600–> 800-950
-smaller framed breeds
utilize low cost resources for gain (grass, hay, silage)
major areas of yearling production
texas, kansas, oklahoma
-fall-winter and spring-summer
wintering operation
emphasize slower gains (0.5-1.0 lb/day)
high roughage, pasture spring and summer
backgrounding operation
emphasize faster gains (1.25-2.0 lb/day)
more grain and silage
place calves into feedlots earlier
marketing of feeder cattle
greater in fall
-oct 30%, Nov 15%, Sept 10%
Second peak in spring
-Mar, April, May 6%
factors for profit loss
purchase price of calves
cost for gain
-feed cost
-feed quantity
-daily gains
sale price for yearlings
market price considerations
breeds
-black cattle bring premium
-> 25% eared cattle discounted
weight, condition, muscling
-light muscles, <600 lb discounted
-overconditioned cattle discounted
group size
-truck loads bring premium
feed costs considerations
corn and hay prices
grass pasture and small grain pasture leases
desired gains considerations
affected by health of incoming cattle
genetic potential or breed of cattle
feeds available
nutrition considerations
receiving cattle and feed consumption
requirements
health considerations
respiratory problems primary problem
-parasites, pink eye, foot rot
receiving cattle vaccinations
antibiotics
lost performance
deaths
feedlot operations
cattle fed concentrate rations (grain)
housed in confirmed area
normal feeding duration 60-250 days
major feedlot areas
eastern colorado, nebraska, southwest kansas
-access to grain
-geography
-climate
commercial feeders
> 1000 head capacity
operations owned and operated by individuals, partnerships, corporations
ownership of cattle-other cattle feeder, investors, cattle producers, packers
fed on contractual basis- full all year (turnover 2-2.5 X)
farmer-feeders
<1000 head capacity
operation and cattle owners by individuals or families
normally all-in-all out operations
farmer-feeder advantages
market homegrown feed
utilize high roughage feeds
labor distribution
flexibility in operation
farmer-feeder disadvantage
numbers and records limited- management decisions less efficient
custom feeding reduces operating capital
-keeping full sometimes a problem
processing upon arrival
identify ,deworm, delice, vaccinate , antibiotics, Bo-Se
provide quality hay, high fortified grain mix, water
-rehydration, high quality natural protein, high vitamins
introduce cattle early (after first week) to fermented feeds (corn silage) but a gradual transition needed
feeding plan
match with growth curve
-calves vs yearlings
*yearlings consume 10% more feed, but have higher maintenance requirements, starting weight greater
-beef breeds vs holstein
*Holstein have10% greater maintenance requirements, later maturing and larger frames
-large vs medium or small framed
*large frame fatten later-market weight
-heifer vs steer
*heifers fatten faster- market weight
two phase
growing-finishing phase
-growing ADG 2-2.25 lb/day
-finishing ADG 3.0 lb/ day
one phase
finishing phase
-high grain
preparing for feedlot
adjusting to feedlot rations
implanting
-contain estrogen, progesterone, androgens
-specific for calves, steers, and heifers
-feed additives
tylan
fat gain, liver abscesses
bovatec and rumensin
fat gain and AVG
two phase system feeding period
grower phase- 150 days
finisher phase-100 days
finishing phase feeding period
50-225 days
market weights
1150-1250 lb desired
>900 lb not desired
quality grades
prime, choice, select
reflect flavor and tenderness
maturity and marbling
yield grades
1-5 with 1 being leaned 5 fattest
cuttability or muscle fat
thermoneutral zone
feed to meet animals needs
above and below require energy input
optimum range 57-77 degrees F
cold stress
intake increases 1-1.5%
heat form metabolism and fermentation not adequate to maintain body temperature
heat stress
intake depressed
upper extreme of thermoneutral zone
environmental stress
performance influenced by environmental stress
-temperature
-wind
-precipitation
-physical surroundings
