Midterm

Question 1

Cattle that have significant internal parasite population will often have enlarged lymph nodes. What is the significance of these enlarged nodes relative to the health of the cattle?

Answer 1

immune system compromised

Question 2

what is the key hormone for stimulating maternal behavior in the cow? What is the primary stimuli for the release of this hormone during partuation?

Answer 2

oxytocin
contractions

Question 3

we recently had a baby calf die that exhibited severe and acute scours. assuming that the case of scours was bacterial, name two possible bacterial organisms that could have been responsible for the calfs death

Answer 3

E.coli
Salmonella

Question 4

what does the term dystocia refer to? what is the most common cause of dystocia in beef cattle?

Answer 4

abnormal or difficult birth
calf body size/weight

Question 5

a cow is getting very close to calving. what are two behavioral changes that are often observed when a cow is close to calving.

Answer 5

isolate and restless

Question 6

what is a toxoid vaccine? how does a toxoid differ from a killed vaccine?

Answer 6

toxoid vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies for a specific toxin in the system. a killed vaccine will attack the entire organism

Question 7

a calf is being delivered with it’s hooves pointing up. what is this type of presentation or delivery referred to as?

Answer 7

normal presentation

Question 8

maximizing the use of pasture forage is a primary goal for cow/calf operation. what would be one forage management method that would extend the fall grazing season for a cattle operation

Answer 8

stockpiling forages

Question 9

what is the specific insect commonly associated with the spread of pinkeye throughout a cow herd? what would be one very effective management practice for controlling these insects?

Answer 9

face fly
ear tag with fly insecticide

Question 10

What is a killed vaccine? How does a killed vaccine differ from a modified live vaccine in terms of immune response generated?

Answer 10

A killed vaccine is pieces of the organism. a modified live vaccine provides a better initial immune response and it is longer lasting

Question 11

what is the relationship between increased sickness in cattle and how they are handled in their facilities?

Answer 11

when cortisol levels rise, it can weaken the immune system

Question 12

what would be two groups or types of organisms classified as internal parasites? Select one of those organisms and identify a common method of control in a cow herd.

Answer 12

ascarids and broad tapeworms.
a common method of control is chemical dewormers

Question 13

name a common cool season annual forage specie

Answer 13

annual ryegrass

Question 14

we see a higher frequency if dark cutting beef carcasses when cattle are handled and managed under stressful conditions. What hormone seems to play a significant role in the dark cutter phenomena.

Answer 14

cortisol levels rise under stressful conditions which increases lactic acid and alters the pH in dark cutters

Question 15

There are thousands of acres of KY31 tall fescue in the US, but beef producers deal with health issues in the cattle while grazing the forage during the summer. What is the cause of these health related problems in the cattle?

Answer 15

The KY31 contains a toxin called endophyte, which is toxic to the cattle

Question 16

What is the most concerning with leptospirosis infection in a breeding herd?

Answer 16

it can cause abortions

Question 17

When would grazing be best, in Ohio, where cool season grasses predominate in the pastures? Name one cool season grass specie commonly seen in Ohio pastures

Answer 17

spring and fall
fescue

Question 18

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy continues to be a public health concern. Why are people concerned about a disease found in cattle?

Answer 18

This is a zoonotic disease, so it can be spread to humans when they ingest infected meat

Question 19

What are the likely explanation for calf rejection by a first calf heifer delivering her calf

Answer 19

she has less experience and may not know what is going on
she also may not have released as much oxytocin, which drives maternal behavior

Question 20

why are over conditioned (fat) cattle a quality assurance concern?

Answer 20

they may be less acceptable to consumers due to excess fat

Question 21

what does the term SubQ refer to when describing an injection? Why is subQ preferred over IM if given a choice for an injection?

Answer 21

subcutaneous
it is preferred since it does not damage the muscle, if the muscle is damaged the carcass value will decrease

Question 22

What is the mode of action for an IGR used to help control of horn fly population in a cow breed?

Answer 22

IGR is an oral digestible that goes through the digestive system to the manure which will kill the horn fly larvae

Question 23

What is an unique difference between grasses and legumes that eliminate the need to fertilize legumes with nitrogen but grass species require annual applications for maximum growth and production?

Answer 23

Legumes produce nitrogen in the soil so this is why they are mixed with grasses because grasses can not produce their own nitrogen

Question 24

why is it recommended to vaccinate a cow 3-4 weeks prior to calving with a clostridium perfingens type C&D and clostridium tetani vaccine? Name two diseases that this vaccine would help protect against

Answer 24

to allow the antibodies to pool in the colostrum giving the calf passive immunity
overeating and tetanus

Question 25

You notice that a calf is not acting normal. As you observe the calf, it appears to carry her head low, has droopy ears, with rapid shallow and sometimes labored breathing while standing. The temperature of the calf is slightly elevated. What disease would these early symptoms indicate? What could be a bacterial pathogen causing these symptoms? What would be a potential treatment

Answer 25

BRDC
Pasteurella
Antibiotics

Question 26

Why is forage quality so inconsistent during the grazing season for pastures used in continuous grazing programs?

Answer 26

cattle will go back to the newer, lower growth and leave the rest of the pasture

Question 27

What would be one reason for using a modified live vaccine instead of a killed vaccine

Answer 27

modified live has a better immune response and does not cause allergic reactions

Question 28

How might a warm season perennial be useful in a pasture setting in Ohio?

Answer 28

it helps to produce quality forage during the summer

Question 29

What are 4 viral respiratory diseases that are commonly vaccinated for in beef cattle herds.

Answer 29

PI3
BVD
IBR
BRSV

Question 30

Not including fly species, name two other external parasites common to cattle

Answer 30

ticks and lice

Question 31

what is “stockpiled” pasture? How can stockpiling benefit a cow/calf operation?

Answer 31

A stockpiled pasture is a pasture where you stop cattle from grazing in August and then fertilize it in November with Nitrogen. This allows for the pasture to regrow which will extend the fall grazing period. This will benefit because you can use the cow as a harvester for longer, which will decrease cost in the winter months