Quiz 1 Flashcards
Classification of communication disorders
- Disorders of language
- Disorders of speech
- Hearing loss
- Disorders of feeding and swallowing
Disorders of language
- Reading abilities (RD)
- Child language disorders
- Adult language disorders
Disorders of speech
- Articulation and phonological disorders
- Fluency disorders
- Voice disorders
- Motor speech disorders
Hearing loss
- Sensorineural hearing loss
- Conductive hearing loss
- APD
Disorders of feeding and swallowing
- Pediatric feeding and swallowing problems
2. Adult dysphagia
3 basic functions of communication
- To reject
- To request
- To comment
3 Key communication tools
- Language
- Speech
- Hearing
4 processes in communication
- formulation
- Transmission
- Reception
- Comprehension
Difference between language and speech
Language: the cognitive process
Speech: the neuromuscular process
Modality
The manner in which information is transmitted and received
Examples of modality
- Speech
- Sign language
- Reading and writing
Types of feedback
- Linguistic feedback
- Nonlinguistic feedback/ extralinguistic
- paralinguistic feedback
Linguistic feedback
Speaking, saying & vocalizing (oh um)
Nonlinguistic/ extralinguistic feedback
Eye contact, facial expression, posture & proximity
Paralinguistic feedback
Pitch, loudness & pausing
4 principles of effective communication
- Quantity
- Quality
- Relevance
- Manner
Language domains
Content
Form
Use
Building blocks of normal speech
- Breathstream
- Voice
- Articulation
- Fluency
What is communication difference?
-dialects
When a person’s communication patterns differ substantially from those with whom he or she is communicating
What is a communication disorder?
When one’s communication ability operates outside the minimal norms of acceptability
interferes with communication or calls attention to itself within one’s culture or lang group
What is AAC?
Augmentative & alternative communication
AAC is used for
helping promote communication for people that are unable to communicate in a conventional manner
Components of AAC
- Symbols
- Aids
- Strategies
- Techniques
Types of AAC
Aided & unaided
Aided AAC
+ use of some sort of device
Unaided AAC
+ hand or body motions to communicate & can include “nonsymbolic behaviors” (gestures, signs)
Symbols
- Acoustic symbols
- Graphic symbols
- Manual symbols
- Tactic symbols
Terms
- Fixed display
- Dynamic display
- Hybrid display
- Visual scene display
Acoustic symbols (sounds, tones) Examples
morse code or computer keys
Graphic symbols examples
printed pictures, drawing words
Manual symbols
gestures, sign lang, use of the body to make
Tactile symbols
physically manipulated braille or written lang
Aides:
Electronic & nonelectronic
Strategy & technique difference
Strategy: the way the symbols are used
Technique: the way messages are transmitted
Complex communication needs
significant speech/ lang/ cognitive impairments preventing communicating in a conventional manner
Purpose of communication
- to meet needs
- to request
- to seek info
- to get attention
- to relate to someone
- to share interest
If cannot communicate effectively,
frustration behavior problems withdraw from the group isolation from society Socialization skills impairment
Benefits of AAC for clients
meet communication needs
improve communication competence
move from emerging communication
able to participate in society
What is communicative competence?
knowledge & implicit awareness to communicate effectively in that lang
T or F
Communicative competence is NOT communicative performance
T
Examples of communicative performance
Stutters, pauses, repetitions, repairs, swapping sounds, slips of the tongue
2aspects of communicative competence
Linguistic & pragmatic
Linguistic aspects include
- phonological competence
- grammatical
- lexical
- discourse
Pragmatic aspects include
- functional
- sociolinguistics
- interactional
- cultura
Linguistic aspects discuss about
The nature & structure of lang
Pragmatic aspects discuss about ….
social contexts of the lang
Phonolocial competence @ 1y/o
achieve receptive phonological competence
Grammatical competence of 2y/o
Word order
Lexical competence discuss about
the conventional words
Discourse competence is
ability to relay info to others fluently & coherently
Discourse competence discusses about
speech event
Funtional competence is
ability to communicate for a variety of purposes
Sociolinguistics competence is
ability to interpret the social meaning and choose socially appropriate language
Interactional competence
ability to understand & apply implicit rules for interaction
Interactional competence examples
(Initiating & maintaining conversations)
eye contact, body language & physical proximity
Foundation for communicative competence
- Joint reference & attention
- rituals of infancy
- caregiver responsiveness
Stage of development for 0-1 month
Phonation stage
Stage of development for 2-3 months
gooing & cooing (x2)
Stage of development for 4-6 months
Expansion stage
Stage of development for 6months+
canonical babbling (reduplicative babbling) (x2)
Stage of development for 9 months+
variegated babbling
What is emergence of intentionality?
become attuned to the referential stages , incorperate their own to others’
Transition to symbolic representations
+mental dictionaries (lexical development)
Toddlerhood: achievements in form &content @18-24 months
grammatical morphemes (inflection) and vocabulary spurt
Toddlerhood: acheivements in use
all purposes
Toddlerhood: achievements in speech
expressive phonology
attainment of specific phonemes
Phonological process
final consonant deletion
1st syllable reduplication
etc.
Preschool: form
refine syntax & morphology
- derivational morphology
- Articles&verbs
- complex sentence
Preschool: content
rapid expansion of both receptive & expressive
deconceptualized lang skills
Preschool: use
Start using lang for greater variety of functions
-interpretive, logical, participatory, organizing
