quiz 1 Flashcards
order matter from smallest to largest
atoms- molecules- molecular properties- macroscopic (bulk) properties
what is H2O
water molecule
How many atoms of each is in H2O
2 Hydrogen and 1 oxygen
properties of H2O
Stable; required for all known life
What is H2O2
hydrogen peroxide molecule
How many atoms of each in a hydrogen peroxide molecule?
2 Hydrogen, 2 oxygen
Properties of Hydrogen peroxide molecule
highly reactive; component in rocket fuel
Name of DHMO
Dihydrogen Monoxide (aka hydroxl acid)
Properties of DHMO
active greenhouse gas, major component of acid rain, major component to erosion, present in major storms, corrosive to metals, induces electrical failure
human health risks of DHMO
can cause severe burns, found in tumors, inhalation can be life threatening
A pure substance can be a ____ or ____
element or compound
Ex of pure element
H2 (hydrogen)
Ex of pure compound
H2O; Fe2O3
2 types of mixtures
homogenous: heterogeneous
What are the states of matter
solid, liquid, gas
Physical changes dont change ____
molecular composition
sublimation
solid->gas
deposition
gas-> solid
what is a chemical change
molecular composition changes; product molecules distinct from initial molecules
a production of CO2 and water is known as
clean burning
Intensive vs extensive
intensive doesnt depend on sample size; extensive does
identify the intensive and extensive variables of d=m/v
d=intensive; extensive= m&v
units of distance
km, m, cm, mm, (mu)m, nm
units of mass
kg, g, mg, Da
units of time
h, m, s, ms, (mu)s, ns, ps, fs
temp units
K, mK
amount units
mole, mmol, (mu)mol
Electric current units
A, mA, (mu)A
luminous intensity units
cd (candela)
Fahrenheit to Celsius
(F-32)/1.8=C
Celsius to Kelvin
K=C+273.15
combustion reaction produces: exception?
CO2 + water; exception = hydrogen produces water
what are elements composed of
atoms
what are atoms
very small units; if they are of the same elemnt they are identical and distinct from other elements
what are compunds composed of
atoms in a whole # ratio
What is the only thing that can change atoms
nuclear reactions
what do chemical reactions do
rearrange atoms; none are created or destroyed
what is the structure of an atom like
most of the mass is in the nucleus which is very small in the center and the rest is open space
what does the nucleus of an atom contain
protons and neutrons
what is the charge of a proton and what is its mass
+ and 1 amu
what is the charge of a neutron and what is its mass
no charge and 1 amu
what is the charge of an electron and what is its mass
- and almost zero mass (1000x’s smaller than a proton)
what are neutral atoms
atoms that have the same amount of protons and electrons
what is the defining feature of an element
proton # and electrons come and go
what does an element to the -1 power mean ex: F-1
gains an electron
What is atomic number
Z=#p
What is mass number
A= #p + #n
What defines an isotope
mass number
what is an isotope
same #p but different neutrons
element notation
A/Z X
what is a molecule
> 1 atoms
what is a diatomic molecule
2 atoms
what is a cation
positive charge; lost an electron
what is an anion
negative charge and gained an electron
what is an ionic compund
2 cations
what never changes in the nucleus: what is the exception
proton #; nuclear change
periods vs groups
periods are horizontal and groups are vertical
Group 1 name on periodic table
alkali metals
Group 2 name on periodic table
alkaline earth metals
Group 3-12 name on periodic table
transitional metals
What is the diagonal strip called of elements near group 13
metaloids
Group 17 name on periodic table
halogen
Group 18 name on periodic table
noble gases
Group of elements next to halogens name on periodic table
non metals
what kind of reaction is sodium and water; why does it occur
exothermic Na is unstable
what kind of reaction is potassium and water
exothermic
charge of group 1
+1
charge of group 2
+2
Charge of Ag
1+
charge of Zn
2+
charge of Al
3+
Charge of group 14-17
4-, 3-, 2-, 1-
what is an empirical formula
represents the lowest whole number ratio of elements in a molecule (reduced)
are cations usually metals or non metals; anions?
cations bare usually metals and anions are usually nonmetals
what do ionic compounds need to have
a neutral charge
How do you predict the ionic compound formula
cross the charges
