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chem 2021 > quiz 1 > Flashcards

quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

order matter from smallest to largest

A

atoms- molecules- molecular properties- macroscopic (bulk) properties

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2
Q

what is H2O

A

water molecule

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3
Q

How many atoms of each is in H2O

A

2 Hydrogen and 1 oxygen

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4
Q

properties of H2O

A

Stable; required for all known life

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5
Q

What is H2O2

A

hydrogen peroxide molecule

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6
Q

How many atoms of each in a hydrogen peroxide molecule?

A

2 Hydrogen, 2 oxygen

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7
Q

Properties of Hydrogen peroxide molecule

A

highly reactive; component in rocket fuel

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8
Q

Name of DHMO

A

Dihydrogen Monoxide (aka hydroxl acid)

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9
Q

Properties of DHMO

A

active greenhouse gas, major component of acid rain, major component to erosion, present in major storms, corrosive to metals, induces electrical failure

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10
Q

human health risks of DHMO

A

can cause severe burns, found in tumors, inhalation can be life threatening

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11
Q

A pure substance can be a ____ or ____

A

element or compound

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12
Q

Ex of pure element

A

H2 (hydrogen)

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13
Q

Ex of pure compound

A

H2O; Fe2O3

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14
Q

2 types of mixtures

A

homogenous: heterogeneous

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15
Q

What are the states of matter

A

solid, liquid, gas

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16
Q

Physical changes dont change ____

A

molecular composition

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17
Q

sublimation

A

solid->gas

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18
Q

deposition

A

gas-> solid

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19
Q

what is a chemical change

A

molecular composition changes; product molecules distinct from initial molecules

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20
Q

a production of CO2 and water is known as

A

clean burning

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21
Q

Intensive vs extensive

A

intensive doesnt depend on sample size; extensive does

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22
Q

identify the intensive and extensive variables of d=m/v

A

d=intensive; extensive= m&v

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23
Q

units of distance

A

km, m, cm, mm, (mu)m, nm

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24
Q

units of mass

A

kg, g, mg, Da

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25
Q

units of time

A

h, m, s, ms, (mu)s, ns, ps, fs

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26
Q

temp units

A

K, mK

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27
Q

amount units

A

mole, mmol, (mu)mol

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28
Q

Electric current units

A

A, mA, (mu)A

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29
Q

luminous intensity units

A

cd (candela)

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30
Q

Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

(F-32)/1.8=C

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31
Q

Celsius to Kelvin

A

K=C+273.15

32
Q

combustion reaction produces: exception?

A

CO2 + water; exception = hydrogen produces water

33
Q

what are elements composed of

A

atoms

34
Q

what are atoms

A

very small units; if they are of the same elemnt they are identical and distinct from other elements

35
Q

what are compunds composed of

A

atoms in a whole # ratio

36
Q

What is the only thing that can change atoms

A

nuclear reactions

37
Q

what do chemical reactions do

A

rearrange atoms; none are created or destroyed

38
Q

what is the structure of an atom like

A

most of the mass is in the nucleus which is very small in the center and the rest is open space

39
Q

what does the nucleus of an atom contain

A

protons and neutrons

40
Q

what is the charge of a proton and what is its mass

A

+ and 1 amu

41
Q

what is the charge of a neutron and what is its mass

A

no charge and 1 amu

42
Q

what is the charge of an electron and what is its mass

A
  • and almost zero mass (1000x’s smaller than a proton)
43
Q

what are neutral atoms

A

atoms that have the same amount of protons and electrons

44
Q

what is the defining feature of an element

A

proton # and electrons come and go

45
Q

what does an element to the -1 power mean ex: F-1

A

gains an electron

46
Q

What is atomic number

A

Z=#p

47
Q

What is mass number

A

A= #p + #n

48
Q

What defines an isotope

A

mass number

49
Q

what is an isotope

A

same #p but different neutrons

50
Q

element notation

A

A/Z X

51
Q

what is a molecule

A

> 1 atoms

52
Q

what is a diatomic molecule

A

2 atoms

53
Q

what is a cation

A

positive charge; lost an electron

54
Q

what is an anion

A

negative charge and gained an electron

55
Q

what is an ionic compund

A

2 cations

56
Q

what never changes in the nucleus: what is the exception

A

proton #; nuclear change

57
Q

periods vs groups

A

periods are horizontal and groups are vertical

58
Q

Group 1 name on periodic table

A

alkali metals

59
Q

Group 2 name on periodic table

A

alkaline earth metals

60
Q

Group 3-12 name on periodic table

A

transitional metals

61
Q

What is the diagonal strip called of elements near group 13

A

metaloids

62
Q

Group 17 name on periodic table

A

halogen

63
Q

Group 18 name on periodic table

A

noble gases

64
Q

Group of elements next to halogens name on periodic table

A

non metals

65
Q

what kind of reaction is sodium and water; why does it occur

A

exothermic Na is unstable

66
Q

what kind of reaction is potassium and water

A

exothermic

67
Q

charge of group 1

A

+1

68
Q

charge of group 2

A

+2

69
Q

Charge of Ag

A

1+

70
Q

charge of Zn

A

2+

71
Q

charge of Al

A

3+

72
Q

Charge of group 14-17

A

4-, 3-, 2-, 1-

73
Q

what is an empirical formula

A

represents the lowest whole number ratio of elements in a molecule (reduced)

74
Q

are cations usually metals or non metals; anions?

A

cations bare usually metals and anions are usually nonmetals

75
Q

what do ionic compounds need to have

A

a neutral charge

76
Q

How do you predict the ionic compound formula

A

cross the charges

chem 2021 (13 decks)

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