Quick Study: Developmental Stages

Question 1

Freud’s psychosexual development:
Birth to 1 year : ? Stage
An infants’s primary interaction with the world is through the ?. The infant derives pleasure from ?.

Answer 1

Oral Stage
Mouth
Oral stimulation

Question 2

Freud’s psychosexual development:
1 - 3 years - ? Stage: Freud believed the primary focus of libido was on controlling?

Too much or little pressure on ? training affects cleanliness/destructive behavior later in life.

Answer 2

Anal Stage
bladder and bowel
Toilet

Question 3

Freud’s psychosexual development:
3-6 years: ? stage
Freud suggested that the primary focus of the id’s energy is on the ?. At this stage children become aware of their ?

Answer 3

Phallic
genitals
gender identity

Question 4

Freud’s psychosexual development:
6 years - puberty: ?stage
Sexual feelings are dormant. Children develop ? skills and relationship with ?

Answer 4

Latent stage
social skills
peers/adults outside of the family

Question 5

Freud’s psychosexual development:
Puberty to Adult: ? stage
The onset of puberty causes the libido to become active once again. During this stage, people develop ?

Answer 5

Genital stage

sexual interests in others

Question 6

Piaget’s Developmental Theory: people actively construct higher levels of ?

Answer 6

knowledge

Question 7

Piaget’s Developmental Theory: motivation for cognitive development occurs when there is a state of ? brought on by a discrepancy between the person’s current understanding of the world and reality.

Answer 7

disequilibrium

Question 8

Piaget’s Developmental Theory: Equilibrium is achieved through two things - 1. incorporation of new information into existing schemas and 2. Alter/modification of existing schemas.

Answer 8

1. assimilation

2. accommodation

Question 9

Piaget’s Developmental Theory: when assimilation and accommodation happens, what will be brought to achieve equilibrium?

Answer 9

adaptation

Question 10

Piaget’s Developmental Theory:
Sensorimotor Stage “age”
Infants and young children learn primarily through ? input and action.

Answer 10

Birth to 2 years

sensory

Question 11

Piaget’s Developmental Theory: In sensorimotor stage

1. This allows the child to recognize that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.

Answer 11

object permanence

Question 12

Piaget’s Developmental Theory: In sensorimotor stage
2. This is when the child to recognize that certain events cause other events. e.g. a child realizes that they can use their hand to pick up and move a toy to a different spot.

Answer 12

Causality

Question 13

Piaget’s Developmental Theory: In sensorimotor stage
3. This is when the child begins to use language to think about actions before performing them. E.g. a child begins to understand that words represent an object such as a dog or cat.

Answer 13

Symbolic Thought

Question 14

Piaget’s Developmental Theory:
Preoperational Stage “age”
A key characteristic of this stage is the ? function, which allows the child to learn through the use of mental images, language, and other symbols that represent objects that aren’t present.

Answer 14

2 to 7 years

Symbolic Function

Question 15

Piaget’s Developmental Theory:
Concrete Operational Stage “age”
Children are capable of performing mental operations using ?2. This allows children to classify and problem-solve in more sophisticated ways.

Answer 15

7 to 11 years

logic and abstract thinking

Question 16

Piaget's Developmental Theory: 
11+ years: ? Stage
The adolescent/young adult is able to think ? (adverb 2)
and in a ? way. 
Some return to ? during this stage.

Answer 16

Formal Operational Stage
abstractly, hypothetically and in a relativistic way.
egocentrism

Question 17

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:

Erikson’s theory assumes that people are basically ? and that behavior is largely due to ? functioning.

Answer 17

rational

ego functioning

Question 18

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:
Each of the 8 stages involves ? that is to be mastered. If not mastered, the person still continues to develop, but the ego is damaged and subsequent stages will be affected.

Answer 18

psychosocial tasks

Question 19

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:
0 to 18 months: ? vs ?
The psychosocial task during this stage is to achieve balance between ?/?

Answer 19

Trust vs mistrust

Question 20

Erikson’s Developmental Theory: Trust vs Mistrust

Failure to master this task can result in ? of others OR 3 of others.

Answer 20

pervasive mistrust of others

dependent, unthinking, rigid adulation of others

Question 21

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:
18 months to 3 years: ?vs?
The toddler’s psychosocial task is to achieve a sense of ?

Answer 21

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

sense of independence over her own body

Question 22

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:
3 to 6 years: ? vs ?
The child’s psychosocial task is to set ? and carry out ? without infringing on the ? of others.

Answer 22

Initiative vs guilt
goal, plans
rights of others

Question 23

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:
6 - 12 years: ? vs ?
The psychosocial task is to develop a sense of ? by beginning school and learning to do things on his own, which instills a sense of ? and?

Answer 23

Industry vs Inferiority
competence
pride and confidence

Question 24

Erikson’s Developmental Theory: Industry vs Inferiority
If adults don’t support the child in his initiative, then a sense of ? is likely to develop where the child doubts his ?, making it more difficult to reach his ?

Answer 24

inferiority
ability
potential

Question 25

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:
12 - 18 years : ? vs ?
The task is to learn the role that he/she will occupy as an adult while developing a sense of ?

Answer 25

Identity vs Role confusion

personal identity

Question 26

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:
18 - 40 years: ? vs ?
The task is to being forming ?

Answer 26

Intimacy vs Isolation

intimate relationships with others.

Question 27

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:
40 - 65 years: ? vs ?
The psychosocial task is to participate in activities that give the individual a sense of ?.

Answer 27

Generativity vs Stagnation

purpose

Question 28

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:
65 to death: ? vs ?
The psychosocial task is to look back on life and feel a sense of ?2

Answer 28

Ego Integrity vs Despair

fulfillment and accomplishment.

Question 29

Erikson’s Developmental Theory: Ego Integrity vs Despair
Those who see their lives as unproductive or have many regrets may develop a sense of ? and ? that can lead to depression and hopelessness.

Answer 29

despair / guilt

Question 30

Mahler Stages of Development : According to Mahler, the ? concepts refers to the way a child’s Ego becomes organized over the first 3.5 years.
This theory focuses on the reciprocal relationship between mother and infant.

Answer 30

Object Relations

Question 31

Mahler Stages of Development :
new born to 1 months: ? Stage
Infant is focused purely on his/herself; unresponsive to ?

Answer 31

Autistic Stage

external stimuli

Question 32

Mahler Stages of Development :
1-5 months : ? Stage
Infant begins to perceive the need-satisfying object. During this stage, the mother’s ego functions for the infant. Infant begins to understand that the mother as a ? being.

Answer 32

Symbiotic Stage

separate being

Question 33

Mahler Stages of Development :
5 - 24 months: ? Stage
During separation, the infant begins to develop and understanding of the boundaries of self and they start to see their mother as a separate individual.

Answer 33

Separation - Individuation Stage

Question 34

Mahler Stages of Development :
4 substages of Separation - Individual Stage (5-24 months)
5-9 months: ? substage
infant’s attention shifts from being inwardly focused to outwardly focused (i.e. crawling)

Answer 34

Differentiation Substage

Question 35

Mahler Stages of Development :
4 substages of Separation - Individual Stage (5-24 months)
9-14 months: ? substage
Infant continues to separate from caregiver; his/her autonomous ego functions become more apparent (i.e. walking, playing)

Answer 35

Practicing Substage

Question 36

Mahler Stages of Development :
4 substages of Separation - Individual Stage (5-24 months)
14-24 months: ? substage
Infant begins to want to act independently. Moves away from mother but regularly comes back to ensure she is still there.

Answer 36

Rapprochement Substage

Question 37

Mahler Stages of Development :
4 substages of Separation - Individual Stage (5-24 months)
After 24 months: ? Substage
Infant internalizes his/her mother and begins to understand that his/her mother still exists for him/her despite her absence.

Answer 37

Object Constancy Substage

Question 38

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:

Peer group is important to develop self-esteem

Answer 38

Industry vs Inferiority (6 to 12 years)

Question 39

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:

Set goals and carry out plans

Answer 39

Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 6)

Question 40

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:

If you fail to meet tasks in this period, you feel little connection to others and a sense of uselessness/rejection.

Answer 40

Gerativity vs Stagnation (40-65)

Question 41

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:

Failure in tasks in this period will lead to isolation, loneliness, and feeling of exclusion.

Answer 41

Intimacy vs Isolation

Question 42

Erikson’s Developmental Theory:

Failures in tasks in this period will lead to become Not confident, Feel doubtful of her own abilities

Answer 42

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

Question 43

In which stage “Conservation” and “Inductive Reasoning” happens according to Piaget?

Answer 43

Concrete Operational