Quick Cardio Review Questions

Question 1

Low Voltage and bradycardia on EKA

Answer 1

findings of hypothyroidis

Question 2

this med can cause digoxin toxicity by causing hypokalemia

Answer 2

furosimide

Question 3

after taking cocaine your patient has increase BP and you tx with a beta blocker what does this do

Answer 3

increase the BP, so monitor his BP

Question 4

A boy has long QT, what things can cause tornado des points (ventricular tachycardia) and/or other ventricular arrhythmias?

Answer 4

-sympathetic stimulation by argument or exertion

Question 5

increased JVP and dilated veins in the upper extremities

Answer 5

-superior vena cava syndrome

Question 6

medication that activates plasminogen

Answer 6

-thrombolytics, the plasmin disolves the fibrin in a thrombus in a clot

Question 7

left ventricular non compliance in HOCM causes what?

Answer 7

-this stiffness of the ventricle causes the mean left atrial pressure that is transmitted back to the lungs causing dyspnea

Question 8

diabetes is a increased risk factor for women over men

Answer 8

true, this eliminates the premenstral cardiacprotection

Question 9

best test for cardiac tamponade

Answer 9

transesophageal echocardiography

Question 10

best test for aortic dissection

Answer 10

CT

Question 11

echo findings for cardiac tamponage

Answer 11

-collapse of the right atrium or right ventricle

Question 12

Kussmaul sign is seen when

Answer 12

-constrictive carditis

Question 13

Paradoxical pulse

Answer 13

-cardiac tamponade

Question 14

Cardiac patient with no sx, or sx of fatigue, palpitations, chest pain, anxiety, migraines.

Answer 14

-mitral valve prolapse

Question 15

Older kids or adults with this cardiac condition have high blood pressure, otherwise may have no sx at all because the condition is less severe.

Answer 15

-coarctation of the aorta

Question 16

Sx of syncope, shortness of breath, chest pain and cyanosis?

Answer 16

-pulmonary HTN (can be seen when a VSD is not recognized early in life and progresses)

Question 17

Shortness of breath (esp with exertion or when you lie down), fatigue, lightheadedness, nocturnal cough, palpitations, swollen feet or ankles, and excessive urination.

Answer 17

-mitral valve regurgitation

Question 18

You start a HTN patient on an ACEI or on spironolactone. What lab test do you have to order? Why?

Answer 18

K+, potassium

because ACEI and spironolactone cause hyperkalemia

Question 19

What would be the symptoms of hyperkalemia on the HTN patient that was caused by the ACEI or spironolactone (potassium sparing agent) medication that you placed them on.

Answer 19

• weakness
• flaccid paralysis
• confused

Question 20

With tx of CHF often times ACEI and spironolactone are used together in therapy. So of course this combination can lead to hyperkalemia. What are the EKG sx of hyperkalemia?

Answer 20

the stages of EKG changes in hyperkalemia are

first, peaked T waves
second comes, wide QRS
third comes, loss of p waves
fourth comes, sine wave
fifth comes, asystole

Question 21

What is Tx for Hyperkalemia?

Answer 21

Rapid correction: is only temporary and protects the heart
-Calcium chloride

2nd step Tx by
-**D50 and insulin drives K+ back into cells (this sugar and insulin combination works by insulin binds to K+ as is carries sugar into the cells*

 - albuterol inhalation 4x-8x normal dose can help tx 
 - Na bicarbinate IV

Question 22

What is the long term tx for Hyperkalemia?

Answer 22

-

Question 23

What do you do when you have evidence of hyperkalemia?

Answer 23

• order an EKG

- repeat labs–make sure you have K+ increase

Question 24

What is the Slow Correction for hyperkalemia?

Answer 24

• Kaylexalate, have them drink it, it binds with the K+ in the gut and keeps it from being reabsorbed
• Lasix, diuresis
• the last and definitive tx is dialysis

Question 25

How does one get hypokalemia?

Answer 25

-poor intake

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