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1, Cardiology > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up Hyperlipidemia?

A

increased LDL
decreased HDL
increased triglycerides

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2
Q

Goal for total cholesteral

A

less than 200

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3
Q

goal for triglycerides

A

less than 150

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4
Q

goal for HDL

A

greater than 60

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5
Q

LDL goal in a person with DM + CAD

A

less than 70

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6
Q

LDL goal in a person with CAD + HTN

A

less than 100

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7
Q

Optimal LDL for regular people

A

less than 100

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8
Q

LDL 100-129

A

normal

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9
Q

LDL 130-159

A

borderline

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10
Q

LDL 160-189

A

high

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11
Q

LDL 190+

A

very high

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12
Q

LDL a person with HTN

A

less than 100

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13
Q

A patient with triglycerides greater than 500 are at risk for what?

A

pancreatitis

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14
Q

main cause of hyperlipidemia

A

genetics

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15
Q

What are the secondary causes of hyperlipidemia?

A 
hypothyroidism
diabetes
biliary cirrhosis
smoking
obesity
chronic renal disease
Protease inhibitors (tx for aids)
Thiazide diuretics
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16
Q

A guy has hypertension which is under control with medication. Now he comes in and has LDL of 160. What do you do?

A

take him off the thiazide diuretic you placed him on for HTn

17
Q

An aids patient now has an LDL of 160. What is the first medication you think of that might be causing his hyperlipidemia?

A

-Protease inhibitors for his AIDS tx

18
Q

The presence of all five of these constitute Metabolic Syndrome which increase the risk of a cardiac event.

A
  • abd obesity
  • increased triglycerides
  • decreased HDL
  • HTN
  • Hyperglycemia
19
Q

When do you start someone on a statin?

A

+ASCVD (advanced sclerotic coronary vasc. disease)
LDL greater than or equal to 190
Diabetes
10 year risk greater than or equal to 7.5%

20
Q

What is the effect of statin on LDL, LDL and triglycerides?

A
  • good lowering of LDL
  • min effect on HLD
  • mild lowering of triglycerides
21
Q

Can a statin cause rhabdomyolysis?

A

yes, and especially when combined with a fibrate (fenofibrate or Gemfibrozil)

22
Q

Side effects of statins/

A 
myopathy
rhabdomyolisis
hepatotoxicity
renal failure
pancreatitis
23
Q

Who should not be given statins?

A

hepatic/liver disease
increased LFT (liver function test)
pregnacy
myopathy

24
Q

Niacin has it’s best effects on which lipids?

A
  • decreases triglycerides
  • increases HDL’s
  • little effect LDL
25
Q

Would you give niacin to a diabetic?

A

no, it increases blood sugar levels

26
Q

Contraindications for niacin?

A

hepatic disease
increase liver function test (LFT)
peptic ulcer

27
Q

Fibrates do what to lipid?

A

lower triglycerides

limited lowering of LDL

28
Q

Side effects of Fibrates?

A

hepatitis, cirrhosis, cholelethiasis
myopathy
rhabdomyolysis
abdominal pain

29
Q

Don’t give fibrates to these people?

A 
hepatic impairment
severe renal impairment
increase liver function tests
biliary cirrhosis
gall bladder disease
30
Q

Why would you prescribe Lovaza (omega-3 FA) ?

A

to lower triglycerides

31
Q

What are the side effects of Lovasa omega-3 ?

A

dsypepsia
nausea
fish taste

32
Q

You have a patient with high triglycerides, what would stop you from prescribing Lovasa omega-3?

A

a fish allergy

33
Q

Ezetimibe is used to lower affect lipids?

A

triglycerides

LDL

34
Q

Which lipid medication causes Angioedema?

A

-Ezetimibe

35
Q

Which 2 lipid medications cause pancreatitis?

A

-Ezetimbe and statins

36
Q

Which lipid meds cause hepatitis?

A

fibrates and Ezetimibe

37
Q

When prescribing statins what lab do you order when they return for follow up?

A

-liver function tests

38
Q

Which lipid med causes constipation?

A

-Bile sequestration meds
cholestryrmine
colsevelam

39
Q

Which lipid med causes Metabolic Acidosis?

A
  • cholestyramine

- colesevelam

1, Cardiology (11 decks)

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