questions from quizzes 1st 1/2 of class

Question 1

Which of the following characteristic(s) might you see in an individual with dysarthria?
A. Consistent speech sound errors
B. Word finding difficulties
C. Impaired muscle tone
D. Excess and equal stress
E. A and C
F. All of the above

Answer 1

E. A and C
(an individual with dysarthria would have consistent speech sound errors and impaired muscle tone)

word finding difficulties=nonfluent aphasia
excess& equal stress=apraxia

Question 2

Apraxia of speech is a motor speech disorder that can occur in both children and adults. What are the three speech characteristics common to apraxia of speech?

Answer 2

-impaired prosody (equal and excess stress)
-slow speech rate
-distorted speech sounds

Question 3

what is the function of the phonatory system?

Answer 3

It acts as the source for speech by generating vocal fold vibrations which can then be filtered into speech sounds

Question 4

Your older brother tells you that he is worried about his 5-year-old son’s speech. He says that while he and his wife can understand their son quite well, most people can only understand about ¾ of what their son says. He’s wondering how concerned he should be and what actions, if any, they should take to help him. What would be the most appropriate way to respond?

Answer 4

They should be concerned because he should have been 100% intelligible by age 4. They should seek treatment to increase his intelligibility as quickly as possible and minimize the impact of the disorder on his quality of life.

Question 5

your friend tells you that she is concerned about her 2-year-old daughter’s speech because she cannot yet say the “r” and “l” sounds. Is this information cause for concern? Why or why not?

Answer 5

No, because these sounds are commonly not mastered until around 6.5 years of age, so it would be normal for a 2 year old to not be able to say them.

Question 6

Speech sound disorders can be attributed to what causes?

Answer 6

functional/unknown causes, motor speech disorders, structural abnormalities, congenital syndromes

Question 7

You begin seeing a 7-year-old client who appears to be unable to perceive the differences between some phonemes (for example, often substitutes the “t” sound for the “k” sound). What kind of speech sound disorder does this indicate?

Answer 7

phonological

(consistent, rule-based errors)

Question 8

What anatomical system did we describe as the sound source for speech?

Answer 8

the phonatory system

Question 9

A patient was admitted to the hospital due to a hemorrhagic stroke. He is unable to perceive anything in his left visual field, often makes inappropriate remarks, and appears to be unaware of his deficits. Based on this information, in which hemisphere of the brain did the stroke occur?

Answer 9

right hemisphere

Question 10

what are some common symptoms of a traumatic brain injury?

Answer 10

emotional changes, cognitive fatigue, memory loss, nausea

Question 11

dementia is a chronic and progressive deterioration in cognitive functioning due to nervous system dysfunction as manifested by three traits or characteristics, what are these 3 traits?

Answer 11

impaired cognitive functioning, memory impairment, perceptual deficits

Question 12

we talked about two different types of left neglect. Which of these types would result in a patient drawing only the right side of a visual scene that includes multiple objects

Answer 12

egocentric left neglect

(allocentric is when they draw half of each individual object)

Question 12

we talked about two different types of left neglect. Which of these types would result in a patient drawing only the right side of a visual scene that includes multiple objects

Answer 12

egocentric left neglect

(allocentric is when they draw half of each individual object)

Question 13

A patient is admitted to the hospital due to an ischemic stroke located in the temporal lobe in the left hemisphere of the brain. Between the two primary categories of aphasia discussed in class, which type would you expect this patient to present with?

Answer 13

fluent aphasia

Question 14

Name and describe the two different kinds of strokes or CVAs.

Answer 14

Ischemic: there is plaque build-up in the artery that causes a blockage, or a piece of plaque from a wide part of an artery breaks off and moves up to a skinnier part and blocks it. Either way, this causes a blockage of blood flow to the brain.
Hemorrhagic: an artery leading to the brain is ruptured or bursts, causing blood to leak into the brain

Question 15

Aphasia type is most commonly determined by four language characteristics. What are they?

Answer 15

fluency, comprehension, repetition, naming

Question 16

Which of the following statements about autism is/are true?

A.
Most autistic individuals present with almost identical intellectual abilities
B.
All autistic individuals are non-verbal
C.
Autism is a progressive condition, meaning that symptoms worsen over time
D.
Autism is more common in females than in males
E.
C and D
F.
None of the above

Answer 16

f. none of the above

Question 17

What are the 2 basic manifestations of ASD (defining characteristics)?

Answer 17

-social communication problems/difficulties
-repetitive behaviors and restricted interests

Question 18

what are some causes and/or risk factors for intellectual disability?

Answer 18

toxicity, infection, chromosomal disorders, trauma

Question 19

During the assessment process, what is the purpose of screening?

Answer 19

The purpose of a screening is to determine if the clinician needs to evaluate and assess an individual further - not necessarily to see if they have a disorder or not.

Question 20

How would you describe the utterances below using Halliday’s classification:
a. “I’m so frustrated that I could bite my pillow!”​
b. “Once upon a time there was a big bad cougar with 1000 purple teeth…”
c. “Please get me an ice cream bar with almonds on it.” ​
d. “You never want to crowd the mushrooms in the pan; they won’t brown properly.”

Answer 20

a. personal
b. imaginative
c. instrumental
d. informative

Question 21

If an evaluation reveals speech and language production that is not consistent with your initial expectations but is appropriate for the client’s cultural and linguistic community, we would consider this a…

Answer 21

language difference instead of a language disorder

Question 22

Define language (be sure to include the four aspects of the definition that we discussed in class).

Answer 22

a socially shared code that uses a rule based system to represent concepts (to others)

Question 23

what is overextension?

Answer 23

using one word to resprent all/multiple items in that category (milestone and 16 months)

Question 24

define plasticity

Answer 24

the brain’s ability to grow and change