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comm d > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what 4 things does communication depend on

A

cooperation, shared conventions, shared understanding and knowledge, social rules

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2
Q

examples of Grice’s maxims

A

quantity: not too much or little
quality: truthful
relevance: topic matainence
manner: how you deliver it

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3
Q

halliday’s communicative functions

examples etc

A

regulatory: get someone to behave how you want
interactional: socializing
personal: opinion or emotions
informative: teaching, informing
heuristic: asking, obtaining information, inquire
instrumental: get someone to do something for you (necessities)
imaginative: storytelling

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4
Q

general model of communication

(language, speech, hearing)

A

language: formulation, comprehension
speech: transmission
hearing: reception

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5
Q

requirements to become and slp and aud

A

slp: master’s degree, 400 hrs supervised clinical work, PRAXIS, 9 mo clinical fellowship, CCC-SLP
aud: doctorates degree, 1820 hrs supervised clinical work, CCC-A

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6
Q

CCC

A

certificate of clinical competence

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7
Q

ASHA

A

american speech-language hearing association

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8
Q

careers-settings

recognize

A

schools, hospitals, rehab facilities, skilled nursing facilities, early intervention home health, community and private clinics

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9
Q

anatomy v phsysiology

A

anatomy: structures
physiology: functions

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10
Q

anatomical systems used in speech

A

phonatory: sound source
respiratory: power source
articulatory: sound filter

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11
Q

respiratory system: structures

A

power source–lungs

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12
Q

phonatory system structures

A

sound source:
larynx (w/ vocal folds), pharynx (throat), trachea (airway)

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13
Q

2 functions of the larynx

A

phonation (vocal folds), protects the airway

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14
Q

articulatory system structures

A

filter– mandible, lips, tongue, hard/soft palate

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15
Q

what is broca’s v wernicke’s area

A

broca’s: expressive language and speech production
wernicke’s: language comprehension

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16
Q

principles of brain organization

(recognize and know what they mean)

A
  • interconnectedness: white matter tracts connecting part of brain
  • specialization: different areas have specific function
  • plasticity: ability to grow and change
  • sensitive period: brain is really open to growth, before age 5 (6 mo after brain injury)
  • hierarchical organization: higher (frontal-planning etc) and lower (breathing etc) functions
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17
Q

language definition

(4 parts and what they mean)

A

socially shared: same language, need another person
code: arbitrary symbols
rule-based: how to use it in sentences etc (form)
representation: conveys ideas or concepts to others

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18
Q

3 language domains

(what fits within them)

A

content: semantics (meaning, vocabulary/lexicon)
form: syntax (sentences), morphology (words), phonology (sounds) [organization of those things]
use: pragmatics (social purposes, conversational skills, turn taking etc)

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19
Q

theories of language acquisition

(define, know examples)

A

imitation: reinforcement and imitation (environment)-but language is creative
nativist: innate universal grammar, natural ability-but learning context affects the way they learn
interactionist: combo, innate abilities and environmental factors

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20
Q

social and emotional learning importance and examples

A

critical for effective language use through lifespan:
emotion understanding-recognizing your own, naming emotions, reading facial expressions, which types of situations, perspective taking, knowledge of social rules and expectations

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21
Q

which populations struggle with social and emotion learning

A

ASD and DLD, (and ID)

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22
Q

language development milestones

A

6-9: joint attention
12 mo: first words
16 mo: overextension
18 mo: 2 word combo
preschool: decontextualized lang
school age: literacy

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23
Q

decontextualized language

A

outside of here and now

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24
Q

lexicon

A

vocabulary/ words you know

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25
Q

joint attention

A

simultaneous focus of two individuals on one object

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26
Q

overextension

A

using one word to cover all words in the category

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27
Q

requirements for first word

A

intentional: specific purpose
generalizable: various contexts
intelligible: recognizable pronunciation

28
Q

developmental language disorder (define, what is hard?, prevalence)

A

primary: don’t know cause
7 % of kindergarteners have DLD
what is hard?- language (form, content, & use) and social and emotional skills (understanding facial expressions, isolating)

29
Q

what needs to be ruled out for it to be called DLD

A

hearing loss, ASD, ID, congenital syndromes

30
Q

ASD (cause, prevalance, 2 diagnostic criteria, difference between ID)

A

don’t know the cause (not vaccines)
prevalence 1/59
2 criteria: social communication, and restricted interests & repetitive behaviors

31
Q

ID (cause, prevalence, 2 diagnostic criteria, difference from ASD)

A

2 criteria: intellectual functioning(across the board) and adaptive behavior(daily functions) limitations, and originating before age 18
4 causes: chromosomal disorder, toxicity, infection, trauma

32
Q

strokes (two types, subtypes)

A

ischemic: blockage or clotting or artery that keeps oxygen from getting to the brain
-thrombosis: gradual plaque build up in artery to brain
-embolism: piece of plaque breaks off from larger artery and travels to a small artery
hemorrhagic: bursting or rupturing of a lood vessel (causing blood to enter brain)

33
Q

what side of brain is damaged causing aphasia?

A

left hemisphere

34
Q

what is fluent aphasia?

A

longer phrases
logorrhea (excessive talkativeness)
paraphasias

35
Q

what is nonfluent aphasia?

A

short phrases
agrammatisms (caveman, only content)
labored/effortful speech

36
Q

what is wernicke’s aphasia?

A

poor comprehension
poor repetition
relatively spared naming
(fluent)

37
Q

what is broca’s aphasia?

A

relatively spared comprehension
poor repetition
poor naming
(non fluent)

38
Q

aphasia treatments, differences

A

medical model: fixing the problem (look for deficits and work on them)
life participation: support language and engagement in life even while its impaired (train family)

39
Q

RHD symptoms

A

anosognosia: lack of awareness of symptoms
left neglect: egocentric or allocentric (or their body)
social communication problems: staying on topic, non-responsiveness, inappropriate
difficulty with: problem solving

40
Q

egocentric v allocentric left neglect

A

e; whole left side
a; left of each thing

41
Q

types of tbi

A

closed: not puncture
open: punctures skull and meninges
poly: both

42
Q

symptoms of a mTBI/concussion

A

dizziness, blurred vision, vomiting, confusion, ringing in ear, slurred speech, nausea, headaches

43
Q

dementia (define, features)

A

features: progressive, gradual onset, affect lang in many ways
3 defining traits: memory impairment, impaired cognitive skills, perceptual deficits

44
Q

2 types of speech sound disorders

A

phonological:
articulation:

45
Q

phonological disorder

A

effects underlying representation (perceptual target?), rule-based errors, can’t perceive or produce the diff between phonemes
more involved

46
Q

articulation disorder

A

effects surface representation, sound production, can perceive difference between phonemes, just can’t produce them

47
Q

what are the early 8 phonemes (age?)

A

m, b, y, w, n, d, p, h

48
Q

what are the middle 8 phonemes (age?)

A

ch, dg, ng, k, t, g, f, v

49
Q

what are the late 8 phonemes? (age?)

A

sh, r, th, l, s, th, zh, z

50
Q

what are the intelligibility expectations for children?

A

2 yrs: 50%
3 yrs: 75%
4 yrs: 100%

51
Q

early, middle, & late 8 phonemes, mnemonics and ages

A

E: 3 yrs (E is backward 3)
-My Big Yellow Newt Walks Down Pretty Hills
M: 4 yrs (4 is 1/2 of 8)
-CHanDGiNG Kan Take Guys ForeVer
L: 6.5 yrs (seems like something they would do, also random)
-SHe Rides THe Little Swan THrough aZHian Zoos

52
Q

4 treatment approaches for SSD

A

developmental: start with sound that should developmentally appear first
complexity: more complex 1st (opposite of D), other sounds will come along with it
cycles: phonological disorders (cycle through different processes)
metaphon: teaching about the phonological system/skills (awareness)

53
Q

what are the ways we classify phonemes

A

manner: how sound is traveling through mouth (air)
place: where you are putting your articulators
voicing: are vocal fold coming together (yes or no)

54
Q

assessments (purpose for each type)

A

screening: short, to know if we need to look further (not classifying)
standardized tests: compares to an average, identifies disorders
questionaire: parent or teacher, how they typically use language
observational measures: we observe them, see how they use language in a natural environment

55
Q

3 treatments for ID (not the aphasia ones)

A

prevention: inform community (mothers don’t drink)
remedial: fixing the deficit, so they can be indepent and meet their needs
compensation: another way to help them, even if they can’t say it (point to pictures)

56
Q

two types of motor speech disorders and their differences

A

apraxia: can’t plan movement but can make it (more inconsistent errors)
dysarthria: can plan movement but can’t make it (consistent errors)

57
Q

what is apraxia? (characteristics, define)

A

problem with motor planning/programming (damage to that area of the brain)
4 characteristics: slow rate or speech, distorted sounds, impaired prosody (excess and equal stress), articulatory groping

58
Q

what is dysarthria? (manifestations, define)

A

-problem with motor execution (planning is fine, deficits in neuromuscular functioning)
-deficits in any of these:
muscle tone, muscle strength, range, steadiness, speed, coordination
-intelligibility due to all deficits
-consistent articulation errors

59
Q

childhood apraxia of speech

A

born with it, developmental

60
Q

acquired apraxia of speech

A

brain damage (tbi, stroke) (often co-occurs with aphasia)

61
Q

what speech subsystems do motor speech disorders affect?

A

any and all, articulation, respiration, phonation

62
Q

language milestone at 16 months?

A

overextension

63
Q

language milestone at 12 months?

A

first words

64
Q

language milestone at 18 months?

A

two word combos

65
Q

language milestone at preschool age?

A

decontextualized language

66
Q

language milestone at 6-9 months?

A

joint attention

comm d (4 decks)

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