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Medical Nutrition Therapy > Questions from Presentations/Reports > Flashcards

Questions from Presentations/Reports Flashcards

Autoimmune Diseases, Encephalopathy, Skin Diseases, Cancer, Liver Cirrhosis, Cardiovascular Disease

1
Q

Conditions where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own healthy cells, tissues, or organs

A

Autoimmune Diseases

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2
Q

A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency

A

Type 1 Diabetes Melliltus

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3
Q

Type 1 DM is also known as ___

A

Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) and Juvenile Diabetes

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4
Q

Classic symptoms of T1DM

A

Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Blurred Vision, Slow Wound Healing

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5
Q

A fasting plasma glucose of ___ indicates diabetes

A

≥ 126 mg/dL

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6
Q

A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test of ___ indicates diabetes

A

≥ 200 mg/dL

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7
Q

An HbA1c of ___ indicates diabetes

A

≥ 6.5%

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8
Q

The presence of ___ confirms the autoimmune nature of T1DM

A

Autoantibodies

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9
Q

A type of insulin therapy that has no peak

A

Long-acting Insulin

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10
Q

The traditional method of insulin delivery using a syringe and vial

A

Insulin Injection

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11
Q

A method of insulin therapy involving a small, wearable device that continuously delivers insulin through a catheter inserted under the skin; more precise

A

External Insulin Pump

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12
Q

A method of insulin therapy that involves surgically placing a device inside the body that delivers insulin directly into the peritoneal cavity

A

Implantable Insulin Pump

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13
Q

A method of insulin therapy involving a portable, prefilled, or refillable device that delivers insulin through a fine needle

A

Insulin Pen

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14
Q

Indicates how many grams of carbohydrates one unit of rapid-acting insulin can cover

A

Insulin-to-Carbohydrate Ratio

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15
Q

A dietary approach that involves tracking the amount of carbohydrates consumed in meals and snacks

A

Carbohydrate Counting

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16
Q

A chronic autoimmune disease characterized by widespread inflammation and immune system dysfunction that affects multiple organ systems

A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

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17
Q

The most common and severe form of SLE

A

Classic/General SLE

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18
Q

A type of SLE that primarily affects the skin

A

Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus

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19
Q

A type of SLE characterized by temporary lupus-like symptoms triggered by certain medications

A

Drug-induced Lupus

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20
Q

A type of SLE affecting newborns

A

Neonatal Lupus

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21
Q

A symptom of SLE described as a butterfly-shaped rash on the nose and cheeks)

A

Malar Rash

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22
Q

A chronic immune disorder where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to progressive destruction of thyroid tissue and eventual hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)

A

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

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23
Q

Also known as autoimmune hypothyroidism or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis

A

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

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24
Q

The standard pharmacologic treatment of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

A

Levothyroxine (T4) & Liothyronine (T3); Thyroid Hormone Replacements

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25
Compounds that can disrupt the production of thyroid hormones; associated with the formation of goiters
Goitrogens
26
Excessive consumption of this food can interfere with hormone absorption
Soy
27
Also known as Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism or Toxic Diffuse Goiter
Graves' Disease
28
A chronic, autoimmune disorder where the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones, leading to hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
Graves' Disease
29
A type of Graves' Disease characterized by the inflammation and swelling behind the eyes, leading to exophthalmos
Graves' Ophthalmopathy
30
A type of Graves' Disease characterized by rare, thickened, red skin usually on the shins
Graves' Dermopathy
31
A type of drug that reduces thyroid hormone production
Antithyroid Drugs
32
A non-pharmacologic treatment for Graves' Disease that destroys thyroid cells
Radioactive Iodine Therapy
33
A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the ingestion of gluten triggers an immune response that damages the small intestinal lining
Celiac Disease
34
The diet prescribed for people with Celiac Disease
Strict Gluten-free Diet
35
A chronic, relapsing-remitting autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the GI tract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
36
A form of IBD that affects the colon, particularly the inner lining of the colon and rectum
Ulcerative Colitis
37
A form of IBD that can affect any part of the GI tract (often the deeper layers of the intestinal walls)
Crohn's Disease
38
A form of IBD wherein symptoms do not fit into ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease
Indeterminate Colitis
39
The gold standard of diagnosing IBD
Colonoscopy
40
Medications that come from living organisms; In IBD, these block a certain protein that causes inflammation in the intestine
Biologics
41
First-line medical treatment for Ulcerative Colitis
Aminosalicylates
42
Surgical treatment for Ulcerative Colitis
Colectomy
43
Surgical treatment for Crohn's Disease
Bowel Resection
44
A diet prescribed to patients with IBD particularly during flares
Low-residue Diet
45
This food has been found to be effective in relieving or treating IBD by alleviating oxidative stress and regulating the balance of intestinal flora
Probiotics
46
A chronic, systemic disease characterized by the inflammation of synovial membrane, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and potential joint deformity
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
47
A type of RA characterized by the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)
Seropositive RA
48
A type of RA that lacks rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)
Seronegative RA
49
A type of RA that affects children under 16 years
Juvenile RA
50
A rare form of RA characterized by recurring episodes of joint pain and swelling, but do not cause any long lasting damage to the joints
Palindromic Rheumatism
51
A diet prescribed for people with RA
Anti-inflammatory Diet
52
A chronic disorder where the immune system attacks the exocrine glands, particularly the salivary and lacrimal glands
Sjögren's Syndrome or Sicca Syndrome
53
An autoimmune disease characterized by xerostomia and xeropthalmia
Sjögren's Syndrome or Sicca Syndrome
54
A type of Sjögren's Syndrome that occurs on its own, without another autoimmune disease
Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
55
A type of Sjögren's Syndrome that occurs alongside other autoimmune diseases such as RA or SLE
Secondary Sjögren's Syndrome
56
A group of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, often caused by atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
57
A condition characterized by the build up of fatty deposits (plaque) in the arteries, narrowing them and restricting blood flow
Atherosclerosis
58
A condition characterized by chronically high blood pressure
Hypertension
59
A condition characterized by atherosclerosis affecting the arteries that supply blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart
Coronary Artery Disease
60
A condition where the heart becomes too weak or stiff to pump blood effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the lungs and other parts of the body
Congestive Heart Failure
61
This condition occurs when the heart muscle is damaged due to reduced or blocked blood flow
Myocardial Infarction or Heart Attack
62
This condition occurs when brain tissue is damaged due to reduced or blocked blood flow
Cerebrovascular Accident or Stroke
63
[Men / Women] have a higher risk of CVD
Men
64
Medications that lower LDL cholesterol
Statins
65
Medications that reduce fluid buildup in heart failure
Diuretics
66
Medications that prevent clot formation
Anticoagulants
67
A surgical treatment for CVD that involves creating a bypass around blocked arteries
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
68
Cholesterol that contributes to plaque buildup
LDL Cholesterol
69
An electrolyte that increases blood volume and blood pressure
Sodium
70
An electrolyte that promotes vasodilation
Potassium
71
A broad term for brain dysfunction caused by disease, injury, or toxins
Encephalopathy
72
A neurodegenerative disease caused by repetitive head trauma
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
73
What protein accumulates in the brain in CTE?
Tau Protein
74
What type of encephalopathy can only be diagnosed via post-mortem brain autopsy?
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
75
A type of encephalopathy characterized by brain damage caused by loss of oxygen and circulation to the brain, often leading to coma or death
Anoxic Encephalopathy or Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury
76
Which system is disrupted in metabolic encephalopathy?
Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS)
77
A type of encephalopathy where the brain doesn’t function properly due to systemic illness
Metabolic Encephalopathy
78
Toxic agents that cause metabolic encephalopathy
Alcohol; Heavy Metal Poisoning; Non-prescribed Medications or Substances
79
A reversible neuropsychiatric condition caused by liver dysfunction
Hepatic Encephalopathy or Portosystemic Encephalopathy
80
The criteria used for grading mental states in hepatic encephalopathy
West Haven Criteria
81
A hypertensive emergency where severely high blood pressure causes cerebral edema
Hypertensive Encephalopathy
82
A life-threatening illness caused by severe thiamine deficiency, often due to chronic alcohol use
Wernicke Encephalopathy (Wet Brain)
83
The criteria used for diagnosing Wernicke Encephalopathy
Caine Criteria
84
The Caine Criteria consists of ___
Cognitive, Ocular, and Motor Symptoms
85
A skin condition characterized by raised red bumps (welts/wheals) swelling on the surface of the skin
Hives or Urticaria
86
A type of urticaria that occurs due to cold, heat, pressure, or sun exposure
Physical Urticaria
87
A type of urticaria that has an unknown cause
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria or Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria
88
A common skin condition caused by clogged hair follicles due to excess sebum and dead skin cells
Acne
89
Acne is most prevalent in [male / female] teens, and [men / women]
Male; Women
90
This type of acne is characterized by small, red, raised bumps caused by inflammation or infection in the hair follicles
Papules
91
This type of acne that is similar to papules but contain pus at the top
Pustules
92
This type of acne is characterized by large, solid and painful lumps that form deep within the skin
Nodules
93
This type of acne is characterized by large, pus-filled and painful lumps that develop deep within the skin and can lead to scarring
Cysts
94
A chronic skin disorder causing facial redness
Rosacea
95
A precancerous skin condition caused by prolonged UV exposure
Actinic Keratosis
96
A chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and scaly patches
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
97
The most common type of eczema; it is kinked to allergies and asthma
Atopic Dermatitis
98
A type of eczema that affects oily areas like the scalp
Seborrheic Dermatitis
99
A type of eczema caused by irritants or allergens
Contact Dermatitis
100
A type of eczema characterized by small blisters on the hands and feet
Dyshidrotic Eczema
101
A type of eczema characterized by coin-shaped patches, often after skin injury
Nummular Dermatitis
102
An autoimmune condition causing excessive skin cell production
Psoriasis
103
The most common type of psoriasis; characterized by red patches with silvery scales
Plaque Psoriasis
104
A type of psoriasis characterized by small, red, dot-like lesions; common in children
Guttate Psoriasis
105
A type of psoriasis characterized by smooth, red patches in skin folds
Inverse Psoriasis
106
A type of psoriasis characterized by pus-filled blisters on red skin
Pustular Psoriasis
107
A type of psoriasis characterized by severe redness and scaling; requires urgent care
Erythrodermic Psoriasis

Medical Nutrition Therapy (6 decks)

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