MNT for Diseases of the Musculoskeletal and Nervous Systems Flashcards
Chapter 15
1
Q
A drug that burns rapidly in the body
A
Alcohol
2
Q
A neurological disorder with recurring seizures due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain
A
Epilepsy
3
Q
Individuals who do not conform to a norm in behavior
A
Mentally Ill Persons
4
Q
Foods to avoid on a tyramine-restricted diet
A
Aged Cheeses; Cured, Aged, or Fermented Meats; Pickled Foods; Alcoholic Beverages; Spoiled or Overripe Foods; Yeast Extracts; Beans (fava, broad, peas); Dried or Smoked Fish
**protein-rich foods that have been aged, dried, fermented, pickled, smoked, cured, or bacterially contaminated
5
Q
Diets prescribed for patients with AD if swallowing is a problem
A
Mechanical Soft Diet or Dysphagia Diet
6
Q
Voluntary muscles attached to bones
A
Skeletal muscles
7
Q
This diseases results from inadequate dietary intake, or from impaired absorption or utilization of thiamine
A
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
8
Q
Caffeine promotes the excretion of what nutrient?
A
Calcium
9
Q
It is caused by brain damage resulting from birth injury, cerebral hemorrhage, or prematurity
A
Cerebral Palsy
10
Q
The ratio of ketogenic to anti-ketogenic factors maintained in the ketogenic diet
A
3:1
11
Q
Alcohol produces how many calories per gram?
A
7 kcal
12
Q
A chronic form of depression
A
Dysthymia or Persistent Depressive Disorder
13
Q
Toxicity of which vitamin causes a rise in intracranial pressure, leading to drowsiness, irritability, headache, vomiting, and skin peeling
A
Vitamin A
14
Q
Alcohol increases the secretion of which nutrients?
A
Calcium, Magnesium, Vitamin C, Zinc, and Copper
15
Q
Mental health conditions characterized by abnormal eating behaviors, distorted body image, and unhealthy weight management practices
A
Eating Disorders
16
Q
The recommended daily caloric intake for patients with DS at 5-11years old
A
16.1 kcal/cm for males; 14.3 kcal/cm for females
17
Q
A neurological condition characterized by slow, involuntary, writhing movements, often affecting the limbs, face, neck, and tongue
A
Athetosis
18
Q
A condition where the eyes are misaligned and point in different directions
A
Strabismus
19
Q
A condition characterized by a progressive decrease in bone density, making them porous and brittle
A
Osteoporosis
20
Q
A chronic psychiatric disorder causing distorted thinking, emotions, and perceptions
A
Schizophrenia
21
Q
It means “slowness of movement”
A
Bradykinesia
22
Q
A disorder of purine metabolism
A
Gout
23
Q
A progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis
A
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
24
Q
A condition where your eyes make rapid, repetitive, uncontrolled movements
A
Nystagmus
25
Urate crystals are also called ___
Tophi
26
What is the recommended daily protein allowance for undernourished patients with RA?
1.2 - 2 g/kgBW
27
A chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of nerve fibers
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
28
Tissues that contract and relax to allow movement of the body and its parts
Muscles
29
A diet prescribed to epileptic patients if acidosis if desired
Ketogenic Diet
30
Non-striated muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and other involuntary muscles
Smooth Muscles
31
Type 1 Osteoporosis occurs due to ___
Hypoestrogenemia
32
A test conducted for the objective assessment of PD; it shows what the throat and esophagus does when the patient swallows
Swallow Study
33
It is used for the amelioration of weakness in MG
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
34
The most common form of nutritional disorder of the peripheral nervous system
Nutritional Neuropathy
35
Areas where two or more bones meet, allowing movement and flexibility
Joints
36
It is caused by an autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors
Myasthenia Gravis
37
A gram of MCT provides how many kcal
8.3 kcal
38
A systemic diseases caused by a severe deficiency of niacin
Pellagra
39
EPA stands for ___
Eicosapentaenoic Acid
40
A type of inflammatory arthritis caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints
Gout
41
Bony projections that form along the edges of bones, typically near joints; often develop in response to joint damage caused by conditions like osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease
Osteophytes (Bone Spurs)
42
A mood disorder marked by alternating episodes of depressions and mania
Bipolar Disorders
43
A chronic autoimmune disorder causing weakness in skeletal muscles
Myasthenia Gravis
44
Sensitivity to light
Photophobia
45
Which vitamin is essential in collagen synthesis?
Vitamin C
46
A skin fold of the upper eyelid covering the inner corner of the eye
Epicanthus
47
It consists of the brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System (CNS)
48
A medical procedure that removes and replaces the plasma to treat certain conditions such as MG
Plasmapheresis
49
A group of chronic conditions caused by physical, cognitive, sensory, or neurological impairments
Developmental Disabilities
50
Flexible, smooth tissue that cushions joints and reduces friction between bones
Cartilage
51
Low levels of which vitamins are common in patients with RA>
Vitamin B6 and C
52
Strong bands of tissue that connect bones to other bones
Ligaments
53
This phase of nutrition therapy for ED includes teaching the patient to separate food and weight-related behaviors from feeling and psychological issues
Experimental Phase
54
[True / False] Calorie intake must be controlled for spastic patients
True
55
A chronic autoimmune disorder causing weakness in skeletal muscles
Myasthenia Gravis
56
A neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe head pain
Migraine Headache
57
It is characterized by intellectual disability, distinct facial features, and hypotonia
Down Syndrome (DS)
58
A prenatal condition caused by maternal alcohol exposure
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
59
Involuntary muscles found in organs and blood vessels
Smooth Muscles
60
A diet prescribed for patients with migraine headaches
MAO Inhibiting/Restricted Tyramine Diet
61
How many mg of caffeine is considered moderate for healthy adults?
300 mg
62
A technique of blood plasma filtration o remove acetylcholine receptor antibodies in MG
Plasmapheresis
63
This results from the antituberculosis drug, isoniazid, or hydralazine treatment
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) Neuropathy
64
It affects the information processing in the brain because of alterations of nerve cells and their synapses connections
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
65
A genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
Down Syndrome (DS)
66
A neurological condition characterized by stiff or rigid muscles, and an inability to control those muscles, often caused by damage to the brain or spinal cord
Spasticity
67
A neurodevelopmental disorder affecting social interaction, communication, and behavior
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
68
Osteoarthritis is also known as ____
Degenerative or Hypertrophic Arthritis
69
It is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord due to a deficiency of cobalamin
Vitamin B12 Neuropathy
70
Examples of easily aspirated foods
Nuts, Peas, Thin Liquids, Breads (thin, dry, or rough foods)
71
An eating disorder not associated with weight loss; often the individual is slightly overweight
Bulimia Nervosa
72
An autoimmune disorder that typically occurs in children under 15 years of age
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis or Still's Disease
73
A dietary approach that eliminates artificial food colors, flavors, sweeteners, preservatives, and foods high in salicylates
Feingold Diet
74
An event in which patients may go from a state of relatively good mobility to being nearly immobile in a matter of minutes or hours
On-off Phenomenon
75
This includes cerebral palsy, Down's syndrome, and fetal alcohol syndrome
Developmental Disabilities
76
A neurodegenerative disorder caused by dopamine-producing neuron loss in the substantia nigra
Parkinson's Disease
77
An autoimmune disease in which the immune complexes of DNA and anti-DNA produce a vasculitis causing lesions in many parts of the body
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
78
The system of the body that is composed of bones, muscles, and joints
Musculoskeletal System
79
Rigid structures that make up the skeleton
Bones
80
Sensitivity to sound
Phonophobia
81
This type of osteoporosis occurs in women 5-20 years after menopause
Type 1 Osteoporosis
82
In ALS, which sex is more affected?
Male
83
[True / False] Caffeine is water-soluble
True
84
It is the precursor to dopamine; often used as a dopamine replacement agent
Levadopa
85
It is a sign that PD is advancing
Dysphagia
86
What neurochemical is associated with PD?
Dopamine
87
These include artificial colorings, flavors, preservatives, and even sugar
Food Additives
88
Large doses of which vitamin has been shown to cause sensory neuropathy
Vitamin B6
89
A naturally occurring compound found in certain foods that can trigger migraines
Tyramine
90
A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and swelling
Osteoarthritis
91
A group of neuromuscular disorders affecting movement, posture, and muscle coordination
Cerebral Palsy
92
Inflammation in the synovial membrane that lines joints
Synovitis
93
A protein that helps stabilize muscle cell membranes; its absence leads to muscle fiber damage and degeneration in DMD
Dystrophin
94
These may be visible in the helix of the ears, joints of the fingers and toes, and in the kidneys in people with gout
Tophi
95
The most common form of muscular dystrophy
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
96
In dysthymia, depression lasts at least how many years?
2 Years
97
It consists of the nerves and ganglia outside the CNS
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
98
Conditions that affect mood, thinking, behavior, and overall mental health
Psychiatric Disorders
99
It is characterized by effortless vomiting, diplopia, and nystagmus
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
100
It is characterized by compulsive drug-seeking behaviors, despite negative consequences on health, relationships, and daily functioning
Substance Abuse
101
It is a biological opposite of AD
Parkinson's Disease
102
SIGECAPS stands for ___
Sleep Changes
Interest Loss
Guilt or Worthlessness
Energy Decline
Concentration Changes
Appetite Changes
Psychomotor Changes
Suicidal Thoughts or Attempts
103
Common anticonvulsant medications associated with vitamin insufficiency
Phenytoin, Phenobarbital, Primidone
104
This type of osteoporosis best responds to calcium increases
Type 2 Osteoporosis
105
Striated muscles
Skeletal Muscles
106
In AD, there is an elevated level of what mineral in the brain?
Aluminum
107
It is less common than osteoarthritis, but more severe
Rheumatoid Arthritis
108
A diet prescribed for people with gout
Low-purine Diet
109
Phases of nutrition therapy for managing eating disorders
Education and Experimental Phases
110
Involuntary muscles found in the heart that help pump blood
Cardiac Muscles
111
It is also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease, motor neuron disease, or progressive spinal muscular atrophy
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
112
This phase of nutrition therapy for ED includes collecting relevant information, defining and discussing relevant principles and concepts of food/nutrition, and weight regulation
Education Phase
113
Fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones
Tendons
114
It regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
115
A genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness; caused by mutations in the DMD gene
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
116
Disorders characterized by persistent disturbances in mood
Mood Disorders
117
A deficiency of this vitamin can lead to motor-sensory polyneuropathy, truncal and limb ataxia, opthalmoplegia, retinal degeration, and myopathy
Vitamin E
118
A mental health condition characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors (purging, fasting, or excessive exercise)
Bulimia Nervosa
119
High levels of this substance can cause mental retardation, blindness, brain damage, and even death
Lead
120
A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
121
What nutrient may need to be supplemented if primidone is used
Folic Acid
122
It is characterized by elevated uric acid levels in the body
Gout
123
TEACCH stands for ___
Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication for Handicapped Children
124
CP is characterized by which types of motor disability?
Athetosis and Spinal paralysis
125
A wide range of diseases and pathologic processes most of which affect the joint tissues and cause symptoms of arthritis
Rheumatic Diseases
126
A neurotransmitter involved in memory formation and cognitive function
Acetylcholine
127
[True / False] The Feingold diet has been scientifically proven to be effective in managing ADHD
False, the diet was found to be helpful in young children, but controlled studies did not prove the merits attributed to the diet
128
It occurs due to an intermittent derangement of the nervous system due to a sudden, excessive, disorderly electrical discharge of cerebral neurons
Epilepsy
129
A common side effect of Levadopa
On-off Phenomenon
130
This type of osteoporosis best responds to estrogen therapy
Type 1 Osteoporosis
131
[True / False] Athetoid patients should receive a diet low in calories to accommodate the slowed movements.
False, athetoid patients experience added movements, which increase energy expenditure; a high-calorie diet (45 kcal/kg) should be provided
132
A set of neurological symptoms that can occur before or during a migraine or seizure
Aura
133
It is characterized by severe pain in the joints following an exceptionally large meal or stress
Gout
134
135
136
The harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol, prescription medications, and illicit drugs
Substance Abuse
137
An autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints, the tissue around the joints, and other organs in the body
Rheumatoid Arthritis
138
The most frequent fracture related to osteoporosis
Hip Fracture
139
A progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing memory loss and cognitive decline
Alzheimer's Disease
140
The system of the body responsible for providing structure, support, and movement
Musculoskeletal System
141
A common gastrointestinal symptom in patients with PD, often resulting from slowed gastric motility and medication-use
Constipation
142
[True / False] Niacin supplements are enough to manage the peripheral neuropathy of pellagra
False, both niacin and pyridoxine must be supplemented
143
Advanced stages of RA may result in the malabsorption of which nutrients?
Calcium and Vitamin D
144
Nutrition therapy for PD
Protein restriction (0.5-0.8 g/kgBW/day)
145
An abnormal, forward rounding of the upper back (thoracic spine), leading to a hunched posture
Dowager's Hump (Kyphosis)
146
A form of CP wherein patients exhibits both spasticity and athetosis
Mixed Cerebral Palsy
147
Inflammation of a synovial membrane
Synovitis
148
A mood disorder characterized by persistent depressive episodes without periods of mania
Unipolar Depression
149
An autoimmune disorder that causes chronic inflammation in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and eventual joint damage
Rheumatoid Arthritis
150
A deficiency of one or more estrogens (like estrone or estradiol) in the blood
Hypoestrogenemia
151
This type of osteoporosis is observed in individuals 85 years old and older
Type 2 Osteoporosis
152
The end-product of purine nucleotide metabolism in humans
Uric Acid
153
A drug used to treat tuberculosis that contributes to the development of pyridoxine neuropathy
Isoniazid
154
[True / False] It is believed that ketonuria helps control seizures
True
155
An enzyme involved in the production of energy for muscle contraction; leaks into the blood when muscle cells are damaged
Creatine Phosphokinase
156
Occurs almost universally in the elderly
Osteoarthritis
157
At what age does bone mineral density peak?
35 years
158
A condition where bone mineral density is lower than normal but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis
Osteopenia
159
A disorder marked by severe food restriction due to an intense fear of weight gain
Anorexia Nervosa
