MNT for Skin Diseases and Food Sensitivity

Question 1

The outermost protective structure of the body; considered as the largest organ system

Answer 1

Skin

Question 2

The outermost later of the skin

Answer 2

Epidermis

Question 3

This layer of the skin has the greatest metabolic activity

Answer 3

Epidermis

Question 4

The middle layer of the skin beneath the epidermis

Answer 4

Dermis (Corium or True Skin)

Question 5

This layer of the skin is rich in blood vessels, nerves, and sebaceous glands

Answer 5

Dermis

Question 6

This layer of the skin is said to be a storehouse for water, blood, and electrolytes

Answer 6

Dermis

Question 7

The deepest layer of skin

Answer 7

Subcutaneous Gland Tissue or Hypodermis

Question 8

This layer of the skin is composed primarily of fat cells and connective tissue, providing insulation, shock absorption, and energy storage

Answer 8

Subcutaneous Gland Tissue or Hypodermis

Question 9

A type of malnutrition that is associated with skin dryness, scaliness, inelasticity, grayness, and pallid appearance suggestive of old age

Answer 9

Protein-Energy Malnutrition

Question 10

A skin condition characterized by the thickening of the outer layer of the skin due to an increased production of keratin

Answer 10

Hyperkeratosis

Question 11

A skin condition caused by the buildup of keratin within the hair follicles, blocking the opening of the follicle; characterized by small, rough bumps often appearing on the upper arms, thighs, and buttocks

Answer 11

Follicular Keratosis

Question 12

A distinctive form of follicular hyperkeratosis associated with vitamin A, B complex, Vitamin E, or fatty acid deficiencies; characterized by a rough, “toad-like” skin

Answer 12

Phrynoderma

Question 13

A skin condition characterized by severely dry and rough skin

Answer 13

Xerosis

Question 14

A skin condition characterized by thick skin, like that of a pachyderm (elephant, rhinoceros, or hippopotamus)

Answer 14

Pachyderma

Question 15

A skin condition characterized by the yellowing of the skin due to excessive caroteine

Answer 15

Carotenemia

Question 16

A type of dermatitis caused by riboflavin deficiency; characterized by many greasy scales around the nose and lips (sometimes extending over the cheeks and foreheads)

Answer 16

Seborrheic Dermatitis

Question 17

A skin condition associated with vitamin B deficiency; characterized by fissure radiating outwards from the angles of the mouth

Answer 17

Angular Stomatitis or Perlèche

Question 18

Skin changes that are deeply pigmented, bilateral in natures, and sometimes infected, swollen, ulcerated are associated with what nutrient deficiency?

Answer 18

Niacin Deficiency

Question 19

A skin rash around the neck; a symptom of pellagra (a disease caused by niacin deficiency)

Answer 19

Casal’s Necklace or Casal Collar

Question 20

A rare, inherited disorder characterized by zinc deficiency due to impaired intestinal absorption, leading to skin lesions and hair loss; often appears in infancy with a characteristic dermatitis on the face, hands, anogenital areas, and feet

Answer 20

Acrodermatitis Enteropathica

Question 21

What nutrient toxicity results in a characteristic slate gray coloration of the skin?

Answer 21

Iron Toxicity or Hemochromatosis

Question 22

Inflammation of the skin causing redness, swelling, and itching

Answer 22

Dermatitis

Question 23

What nutrient deficiency results in a widespread pigmentation of a brownish color affecting the nail beds and skin creases?

Answer 23

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Question 24

What nutrient deficiency results in a fine, brawny scaling of the skin on the forearms and lower legs

Answer 24

Vitamin B6 Deficiency

Question 25

Areas of damaged skin caused by sustained pressure that reduces blood flow (ischemia) to vulnerable parts of the body

Answer 25

Pressure Ulcers or Bedsores

Question 26

Redness of the skin

Answer 26

Erythema

Question 27

A skin condition characterized by pimples of varying severity affecting the face, neck, shoulders, and back

Answer 27

Acne Vulgaris

Question 28

These hormones increase notably during puberty, and are associated with the development of acne

Answer 28

Androgens and Estrogen

Question 29

An autoimmune skin disorder characterized by patches of red raised skin and silver scales of dead skin

Answer 29

Psoriasis

Question 30

A mildly communicable skin disease caused mainly by a type of bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae; affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract, and eyes

Answer 30

Leprosy

Question 31

What skin disease has a common sign of whitish or reddish skin patches that do not sweat, feel, or disappear with ordinary treatment

Answer 31

Leprosy

Question 32

An autoimmune skin condition characterized by intensely itchy, blistering skin rashes, typically on the elbows, knees, scalp, buttocks, and back; associated with gluten sensitivity and celiac disease

Answer 32

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Question 33

A rare skin reaction to excess iodine; characterized by localized pustular (pus-filled bumps) and furuncoloid (boils) skin lesions

Answer 33

Ioderma or Iododerma

Question 34

The therapeutic diet for dermatitis herpetiformis

Answer 34

Gluten-free Diet

Question 35

A drug for tuberculosis that interferes with vitamin B6 metabolism, resulting in a pellagra-like skin rash and other signs of pyridoxine deficiency

Answer 35

Isoniazid

Question 36

A drug used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis that has been reported to induce a zinc deficiency dermatitis

Answer 36

Penicillamine

Question 37

An anticonvulsant that may lead to vitamin B deficiency

Answer 37

Phenytoin

Question 38

An adverse reaction to a specific food, which may lead to digestive or other systemic symptoms

Answer 38

Food Sensitivity

Question 39

An immune-mediated, hypersensitivity response to a food; may occur within 2 to 48 hours

Answer 39

Food Allergy

Question 40

Refers to the difficulty digesting a certain food or food component, which can cause unpleasant symptoms; does not involve the immune system (non-immunological)

Answer 40

Food Intolerance

Question 41

The most common type of food allergy and accounts for acute reactions

Answer 41

IgE-mediated Food Allergy

Question 42

A type of food allergy that involves a different immune response that does not rely on IgE antibodies; reactions are typically delayed

Answer 42

Non-IgE-mediated Food Allergy

Question 43

Clinical aspects of food allergy

Answer 43

Acute urticaria/angioedema; gastrointestinal anaphylaxis; oral allergy syndrome; food protein-induced proctocolitis; asthma; anaphylaxis

Question 44

A severe, rapid-onset allergic reaction that is potentially life-threatening; symptoms include difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat, skin rash, dizziness, hypotension, and shock

Answer 44

Anaphylaxis

Question 45

Medical intervention for anaphylaxis

Answer 45

Epinephrine

Question 46

Specific components of food or ingredients within food that can trigger an allergic reaction

Answer 46

Food Allergens

Question 47

Major food allergens

Answer 47

milk, eggs, wheat, fin fish, shellfish, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, spices, artificial food dyes

Question 48

Another term for antibodies

Answer 48

Immunoglobulins

Question 49

An antibody frequently involved in allergic reactions

Answer 49

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

Question 50

Often the first tool used in the diagnosis of food allergies

Answer 50

History

Question 51

A test diet that involves eliminating suspected food triggers to see if symptoms improve, then gradually reintroducing the food to check if symptoms return

Answer 51

Elimination-Challenge Diet

Question 52

Considered the gold standard for food allergy testing

Answer 52

Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Food Challenge (DBPCFC)

Question 53

Considered the most sensitive test for allergies

Answer 53

Skin Testing (scratchy, prick, puncture)

Question 54

A test diet wherein suspected food triggers are removed from the diet to observe improvements in symptoms

Answer 54

Elimination Diets

Question 55

How many weeks are considered sufficient to confirm the suspect of a food allergy?

Answer 55

3

Question 56

A treatment that wherein small amounts of the allergen are regularly injected or minute amounts of food triggers are eaten gradually to increase tolerance

Answer 56

Desensitization or Immunotherapy

Question 57

The primary protein in wheat that triggers a food allergy

Answer 57

Gluten

Question 58

The primary protein in eggs that triggers a food allergy

Answer 58

Ovalbumin

Question 59

The primary proteins in milk that triggers a food allergy

Answer 59

Casein (most significant), Whey Proteins

Question 60

The primary protein in fish that triggers a food allergy

Answer 60

Parvalbumin

Question 61

The primary protein in shellfish that triggers a food allergy

Answer 61

Tropomyosin