Questions CH 1-7 Flashcards
The tenets of science are:
determinism, empiricism, replicability, falsifiability, and parsimony.
The cohort effect __________.
can be a confounding influence in cross-sectional research
Why do we consider psychology a science?
The scientific method is used.
Science is a way of knowing that combines ______ and _______.
empiricism, reason
Which of the following is not a tenet of science?
publication
An experiment should involve at least two groups, a(n) _____ group and a _____ group.
experimental; control
Catherine got 72% on her algebra test. She was pleased until she heard that half the class got a higher mark. Her score is equal to the _____.
median
Descriptive statistics are to inferential statistics as ___.
Summarize is to generalize.
Bob scored 3 standard deviations above the class mean on his statistics test. Assuming the scores were normally distributed, how did Bob score compared to the rest of the class?
Bob’s score was very high.
Because ethical decisions are rarely black and white, most universities have _____.
Institutional Review Board
Beneficence is to maleficence as _____ is to _____.
Help; harm
“He was participating in our study and he asked me out for dinner. Who wouldn’t agree? He was gorgeous and I’ll never turn down a free meal” Which ethical issue is at the heart of this scenario?
Multiple relationships
Which of the following is not required in the informed consent form?
a complete description of your research hypothesis
You ask Dr. Stage if you can come babysit his son. He says, “Thanks for the offer but that it’s unethical” why?
Multiple relationships
In order to make a conceptual hypothesis into a research hypothesis we need to _____.
Operationalize the concepts
Statistical power is?
the probability of rejecting a false null hypothesis
Which of the following will NOT increase statistical power?
Decrease alpha
When calculating effect size for a correlation, what should you do?
square the correlation
The difference between an extraneous variable and a confounding variable is
a confounding variable is systematically related to the independent and dependent variable
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that it is important to control extraneous variables?
So we can increase external validity.
Mary is interested in measuring bullying in the school yard at recess. Which method should she use?
frequency
Content analysis is often used with the responses obtained from _____.
open-ended questions
A measure of socioeconomic status (SES) as upper, middle, and lower, is best described as a(n) _____ scale of measure.
ordinal
What are the most important considerations when selecting research measures?
reliable and valid
Chronbach’s alpha is a measure of _____.
internal consistency
When testing a research hypothesis, _____ in measurement increases our chances of finding a statistically significant result.
precision
What is the assumption made when using inferential statistics?
The samples were randomly selected from the population.
Stratified sampling is used ____.
when you want to represent groups of different sizes
What is the difference between cluster and multistage sampling?
Multistage sampling is a more complex method of cluster sampling.
Random sampling, systematic sampling, and multistage sampling are examples of _____.
methods requiring inferential statistics
Sheeba wants to make sure that her sample represents the actual frequency of important demographic variables (e.g., ethnicity, gender). What type of sampling procedure will insure this?
quota sampling
Jennifer is a 2nd grade teacher who conducts a reading study on her students. This sample is
A convenient sample and
A nonprobability sampling method
What is the relationship between effect size and sample size?
When the effect size is small, larger samples are needed.
A(n) _________ is where participants are randomly assigned to different levels of the IV.
independent group design
Amy is researching the effectiveness of journaling on self-rated depression. Participants begin with a “moderate” self-rated depression score. Amy randomly assigns half of the group to journal for 30 minutes each day, while the other half acts as a control group. What type of experiment is this?
A true and field experiment
