Chapter 2

Question 1

The Abstract in a Research Article

Answer 1

comprehensive summary of the article describing what was done, to whom, and what was found.

Question 2

The Introduction

Answer 2

background on the research problem.

Question 3

Independent Variable (s)

Answer 3

the variable that is manipulated by the researcher.

Question 4

Dependent Variable

Answer 4

response measure that we think will be influenced by the IV

Question 5

Moderating Variables

Answer 5

influence the relationship between the IV and the DV

Question 6

Mediating Variables

Answer 6

variables that intervene between the IV and DV in their cause-effect relationship.

Question 7

The Methods Section

Answer 7

details about exactly how the variables were measured, manipulated, and controlled.

Question 8

The Procedure

Answer 8

chronological sequence of what happened to the participants.

Question 9

The Results

Answer 9

statistical information about whether or not the data support the research hypothesis.
In research statistics are used for two purposes:
To summarize data
To test research hypotheses

Question 10

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 10

includes measures of central tendency, variability, and the strength of the relationship between variables. Includes mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard deviation.

Question 11

Pearson Product-Moment Correlation

Answer 11

most common measure of association (symbolized as r). Describes how strongly variables are related to one another.

Question 12

Inferential Statistics

Answer 12

used to generalize the findings of a study to a whole population.

Question 13

Common Tests of Significance

Answer 13

used in hypothesis testing to determine whether results are statistically significant. Effect size – provides some indication of the strength of the effect.

Question 14

Effect Size

Answer 14

provides some indication of the strength of the effect.

Question 15

The Discussion

Answer 15

where the author describes how the results fit into the literature. Includes suggestions for future research

Question 16

t-test

Answer 16

used to compare means of two groups.

Question 17

F-test

Answer 17

used to compare means of more than two groups

Question 18

Chi-Squared

Answer 18

used to compare frequencies.

Question 19

Pearson’s r-Test

Answer 19

used to investigate whether there is a linear relationship between two continuous variables

Question 20

Regression

Answer 20

It’s related to correlation, but we are interested in using a predictor variable to predict a criterion variable.

Question 21

Multiple Regression

Answer 21

using more than one predictor variable to predict a criterion variable.

Question 22

Partial Correlation

Answer 22

used to partial out the effects of a third variable that is influencing the relationship between two variables.

Question 23

Semi-Partial Correlation

Answer 23

used to partial out the effects of a variable that is influencing only one of the other variables.

Question 24

Logistic Regression

Answer 24

used when you want to use predictor variables but you don’t have a discrete criterion variable.

Question 25

Factor Analysis

Answer 25

used to find simpler patterns of relationships among many variables.

Question 26

Cluster Analysis

Answer 26

used to group similar objects into categories or clusters.

Question 27

Structural Equation Modeling

Answer 27

can involve various techniques including factor analysis, regression models, path analysis, etc.

Question 28

Discriminant Function Analysis

Answer 28

allows us to determine the predictive ability of each variable alone and in combination with other variables.