Midterm Questions

Question 1

The cohort effect__

Answer 1

is a problem is cross-sectional research

Question 2

What is true about psychology and science?

Answer 2

In psychology the scientific method is used, and psychology is a social science.

Question 3

Science is a way of knowing that combines ___ and __.

Answer 3

Reasoning and empericism.

Question 4

A true experiment involves at least two variables, a(n)___ variable and a(an)___ variable.

Answer 4

independent; dependent and manipulated; outcome

Question 5

Catherine got an 80% on her algebra test. She was pleased until she heard it was graded on the curve and the test was normally distributed. Her score was the average for the class. Her score is equal to the__.

Answer 5

mean, median, and mode

Question 6

Descriptive statistics are to inferential statistics as____.

Answer 6

summarize is to generalize and measures of central tendency and variability is to the statisical tests at p<.05.

Question 7

Research that compares the driver test score differnce of adult men, adult women, teenage men and teenage women would likely report____.

Answer 7

an F test

Question 8

What is missing in the abstract on the test?

Answer 8

Nothing

Question 9

What belongs in the method section?

Answer 9

Description of the participants

Question 10

What should you find inthe Discussion section?

Answer 10

Conclusions about the findings.

Question 11

An institutional review board determines whether a study should be conducted based on___.

Answer 11

potential ethic problems with the study, whether there is adequate protection for the participants.

Question 12

Which of the following statements most clearly violates an ethical standard?

Answer 12

I took participant names off the data forms after it was entered, even though I told IRB I would do this prior to data entry.

Question 13

Which of the following is not required inthe informed consent form?

Answer 13

all of these are required: the purpose of the research, the participant’s right to withdraw, a contact name for questions regarding the research. (hypothesis of the study is not put in consent form)

Question 14

“He was participating in our study and I asked him out for dinner. He wouldn’t agree so I kept asking. He was gorgeous and I told him I was single and he would not regret it.” Which ethical issue is at the heart of this scenario?

Answer 14

sexual harassment

Question 15

Dr. Stage asks you if you can come babysit his son. You say, “No thanks!” What type of unethical behavior is this best described as?

Answer 15

It constitutes a multiple relationship

Question 16

What General Ethical Principles are NOT pertinent to the Haney and Zimbardo (1998) article?

Answer 16

Beneficence and nonmaleficence, and fidelity and responsibility

Question 17

Dr. Stage attempts to repilicate the SPE in the basement of Poe Hall. It passes IRB and the results show there was no abusive incidents, and no prisoners drop-out, or show negative symptoms. What might explain this?

Answer 17

Every psych students since 1973 has seen this experiment, and there is a cohort effect.

Question 18

Statistical power is

Answer 18

a measure of experimental strength

Question 19

Which of the following will NOT increase statistical power?

Answer 19

Decrease alpha

Question 20

When calculating effect size for an ANOVA, what statistic should you use?

Answer 20

Use eta-squared.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that it is important to control exraneous variables?

Answer 21

So we can increase internal threats to validity.

Question 22

The difference between an extraneous variable and a confounding variable is

Answer 22

a confounding variable is systematically related to the ind. and dep. variable.

Question 23

Mary is interested in measureing the intensity of bullying incidents in the school playground at recess. Which type of behavioral dimension is this described as?

Answer 23

Amplitude (intensity, how big, volume)

Question 24

True/false answers are also called what type of response format?

Answer 24

fixed alternative questions

Question 25

A measure of IQ is best described as a (n)____ scale of measure.

Answer 25

interval

Question 26

What are the most important considerations when selecting research measures?

Answer 26

They are reliable and valid

Question 27

Generalization is a measure of ___

Answer 27

external validity

Question 28

When testing a research hypothesis,__in measurement increases our chances of finding a statically significant result.

Answer 28

precision

Question 29

What are the ethical issues with conducting the Pennebaker et al. (1979) study from an IRB stand-point?

Answer 29

Research assistants were approaching customers in a bar and might know who has consumed too much alcohol, and NCSU might not want their students entering drinking establishments conducting research.

Question 30

What are the problems with sampling procedures in the Pennebaker et al. (1979) study?

Answer 30

The participants were not randomly selected, the selction procedure assumes all the patrons are attracted to the opposite sex, and the state they exluded intoxicated patrons but not how this was determined.

Question 31

Problems with the Pennebaker et al. (1979) Prettier at Closing Times study include:

Answer 31

Assumptions about sexual preference of bar patrons, a cross sectional design where a repeated meausres design would increase power and interpretation, and lack of generalizability beyond college students.

Question 32

What is the assumption made when using inferential statistics?

Answer 32

The samples were randomly selected from the population, and the sample was relatively normally distributed.

Question 33

An example of probability sampling is____.

Answer 33

systematic sampling

Question 34

Sheeba wants to make sure that low, medium, and high drip-out high-schools from Wake County are sampled. What type of sampling procedure will ensure this?

Answer 34

Cluster sampling

Question 35

Jennifer is a 2nd grade teacher who conducts a reading study on her students. This sample is

Answer 35

A convenient sample

Question 36

What is the relationship between effect size and sample size?

Answer 36

None of the above, power is dependent on effect size.

Question 37

A(n)___ is where participatns are randomly assigned to different levels of one IV.

Answer 37

Independent group design

Question 38

Amy is researching the effectiveness of journaling on self-rated depression. Participants begin with a “moderate” self-rated depression score. Amy selects half of the group to journal for 30 minutes each day, based on their belief. What type of experiment is this?

Answer 38

A quasi-experiment

Question 39

In Jorge’s study about depressed students who go to a psychology clinic vs. taking antidepressants…..This is an example of a _____

Answer 39

A quasi-experimental design because the IV is predetermined

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT one of the advantages of controlled experiments described in the text?

Answer 40

We have greater control over th dependent variable(s)

Question 41

Aptitude Treatment Interactions were tested with

Answer 41

a 2-factor Analysis of Variance

Question 42

An independent groups t-test

Answer 42

cmpares the mean difference between the two groups and yields at t value that is evaluated by the probability of finding a difference.

Question 43

Using the DISTAR reading curriculum in a pre-/post-intervention design with a control group. The most likely threat to internal validity is:

Answer 43

There is no threat to internal validity (because it has a control group, it makes is a mixed group design)

Question 44

A treatment intervention study with severly depressed participants needs to control for which internal threat?

Answer 44

Regression to the mean