Chapter 1 Flashcards
Tradition
The willingness to accept an idea as valid or truth because it has accepted for so long. “I believe it’s true because it has always been true.”
Intuition
“I believe it’s true because I feel it is true.” A belief not supported by any evidence.
Authority
Accepting an idea as true because it was claimed to be so by a respected source. “I believe it’s true because an expert said it was true.”
Personal Experience
“I believe it is true because I experienced it.”
Reasoning
Thinking with reason. “I believe it is true because it is logically derived.”
Empiricism
Acquiring knowledge through our senses or with instruments that extend our senses. “I believe it is true because I collected the data.”
(reliance on real evidence to confirm or refute claims)
Science
A way of acquiring knowledge through the continual interaction of empiricism and reasoning.
n of one fallacy
Drawing conclusions/generalizations from anecdotal evidence.
Determinism
belief that events have natural causes
not predeterminism – predestination
Replicaibility
findings must be replicated before they are accepted
Falsifibility
hypotheses and theories must be falsifiable/refutable through empirical research
Parsimony
Simplest explanation for a phenomena
Theory
A formal statement of how concepts are related.
Concepts
the general category of ideas that are represented by our variables
Hypothesis
a prediction of how concepts are related that is often deduced from a theory
